我国东北低山区不同坡位积雪特性研究

Research on the snow characteristics at different slope position in the low mountain areas in Northeast China

为研究坡位对积雪性质的影响,利用Snow Fork雪特性分析仪等采集积雪物理性质(积雪深度、密度、液态水含量)数据,分析了不同坡位积雪特性的变化趋势、差异及成因。结果表明:坡位的差异可显著影响积雪,特别是积雪表层的特性,积雪表层温度与积雪反辐射强度呈显著正相关关系;阴、阳坡各坡位积雪液态水含量变化趋势一致,但阳坡液态水含量最大值出现在上坡位,阴坡则是中坡位最大;阴、阳坡各坡位在液态水含量增加的影响下雪密度也在逐渐增大,并且随着积雪深度的增加雪密度逐渐减小;试验区融雪期阳坡积雪液态水含量最先对环境变化做出响应,进而影响雪密度,深度随之响应;阴坡则是液态水含量首先响应,积雪深度次之,密度最后响应。研究结果将为融雪径流形成、融雪侵蚀防治以及季节性积雪区生态系统评估提供理论依据。

The effect of slope position on snow characteristics was explored in this paper. Snow Fork was used to collect snow parameters （such as snow depth, snow density and liquid water content）, then the variation, the difference and the cause of snow cover in different slope positions were analyzed. The results showed that： slope position can significantly affect the characteristics of snow, especially the surface snow, and the snow surface temperature has a significant positive correlation with reflected radiation intensity of snow; shady slope and sunny slope have the same trend in changing liquid water content of each slope positions, but the maximum liquid water content on the sunny slope appears in the upper position, the maximum liquid water content appears in middle position on the sunny slope; under the influence of liquid water content increasing, shady slope and sunny slope snow density is gradually increasing, and the snow density gradually decreases with depth of each slope position; in the experimental area, the snow liquid water content on the sunny slope is the first to respond to the environmental changes, and then changing the snow density; on shady slope, the snow liquid water content first response to the environmental changes, followed by snow depth. This study will provide a theoretical basis for studying snowmelt runoff formation, snow erosion prevention and seasonal snow cover ecosystem assessment.