1951-2014年内蒙古地区气温、降水变化及其关系

Change and relationship of temperature and precipitation in Inner Mongolia during 1951-2014

内蒙古地域辽阔,气候复杂多变,研究气候因子变化对生态环境建设、水资源开发利用有一定借鉴意义。利用内蒙古地区及周边70个气象站点1951-2014年气温和降水资料,采用中心聚类、气候倾向率等方法,对气温、降水变化特征及其关系做了分析。结果表明:空间上平均、最低、最高气温年(季)变化均随纬度升高而降低,降水量与此趋势相反。各类气温年际变化均呈上升趋势,最低气温增温速率最快,西、中、东部气候倾向率分别达到0.427℃·(10a)-1、0.442℃·(10a)-1、0.395℃·(10a)-1。各类气温在春、冬季增温明显,总体表明最低气温对气候变暖所做贡献最大。降水量年际波动较大,但总体趋势不明显。春季降水量呈缓慢增长趋势,其中中部增长速率最快[1.583 mm·(10a)-1],夏季呈减少趋势。年降水量与年际各类气温均呈负相关,各分区年、季(除个别夏季)降水量与三类气温除个别阶段呈一致变化趋势外,其他年际呈反对称变化。气温不断升高,降水量的减少,使得研究区气候不断向暖干化趋势发展。

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast territory with complex and varied climate. The study of climate change has certain reference value for the construction of ecological environment and the development and utilization of water resources. Based on the temperature and precipitation data from 70 meteorological stations in Inner Mongolia and its surrounding areas during 1951 -2014, the characteristics and relationship of temperature and precipitation are analyzed by using the method of cluster and climate tendency rate. The result shows that annual （seasonal） average, minimum and maximum temperature changes in space increase with the increase of the latitude while precipitation is opposite to this trend. The annual changes of various types of temperature show an upward trend, among which the increasing rate of minimum temperature is the fastest. The climate tend- ency rate of the west, middle and east reached 0. 427℃ （10a） ^-1 、0.442 ℃· （10a）^ -1、 0. 395 ℃·（10a） ^-1 respectively. All kinds of temperature increase apparently in spring （winter）. The overall trend shows that the minimum temperature contributes the most to climate warming. Interannual change of precipitation is pronounced yet the overall trend is inconspicuous. Precipitation in spring shows an upward trend and it increases the fastest in the central area [ 1. 583 mm · （10a）^ -1], while it shows a downward trend during summer. Annual precipitation and various types of temperature are negatively correlated. Except that during some period the change of annual and seasonal （ except for few summers） precipitation in divided regions is consistent with the change of all kinds of temperature, in other time they are opposite to each other. With the increase of temperature and decrease of precipitation, climate in the study area is developing toward warming and drying.