北方寒冷地区城市哈尔滨人口城市化与土地城市化协调关系研究

Study of coordination of population urbanization with land urbanization in Harbin,a cold northern city

以哈尔滨市为研究范围,构建了人口城市化、土地城市化指标体系,运用熵值法计算各指标的权重,结合协调发展模型,分别研究了哈尔滨市1997-2014年期间人口城市化的内部协调性、土地城市化的内部协调性以及人口城市化和土地城市化的协调度及协调发展水平,并对人口城市化、土地城市化与协调发展水平进行了研究。结果表明:哈尔滨市的人口城市化内部协调性和土地城市化内部协调性都表现出前期加速,后期平稳的状态,在20世纪90年代,人口城市化内部协调性和土地城市化内部协调性都迅速提高,进入21世纪以后,协调度均保持在0.9左右,波动较小,内部协调度较高;综合人口城市化和土地城市化的协调度和相对发展度来看,除1999-2000年处于高级协调外,在研究期的其余时段哈尔滨市人口城市化和土地城市化基本处于初级协调状态,人口城市化与土地城市化的非同步性,是制约两者协调发展的关键因素,其中人口城市化对协调发展水平的影响更大。

The population urbanization and land urbanization are two important parts of urbanization. Both have different function and role in the urbanization of Harbin, a cold northern city. The population urbanization refers to the population proportion of rural relatively reducing and the urban population proportion relatively increasing. This is a process of population to concentrate in urban area. Population urbanization is the core of urbanization. Land urbanization is the process, in which the rural land changes into the urban land and the main performance is increasing urban construction land. Land urbanization is the carrier of urbanization. The population urbanization and land urbanization are mutual constraint and mutual influence. Since the 1990s, the speed of urbanization development has accelerated in Harbin. This study takes Harbin City as the research area, and sets up the evaluation index system of population urbanization and land urbanization, respectively. The population urbanization includes three level indicators： the index of population structure, the index of population quality and the index of population economics. The land urbanization also includes three level indicators： the land use structure, the land use efficiency and the land use intensity. This evaluation index system has altogether 26 secondary indicators. In this paper, the entropy method is used to calculate each index weight, combined with the model of coordinated development. The internal coordination of population urbanization, the internal coordination of land urbanization, the coordination degree and coordination development level of population urbanization and land urbanization in Harbin during 1997 -2014 were studied. Regression analysis was made for population urbanization, land urbanization and coordination development level of urbanization. The following points were found： During the study period, the Harbin＇s internal coordination of population urbanization and the internal coordination of land urbanization showed an accelerating urbanization period, followed by a steady period. In the 1990s, the internal coordination of population urbanization and the internal coordination of land urbanization had rapidly improved. After into the 21 st century, the coordination degree of internal coordination of population urbanization and internal coordination of land urbanization has remained at around 0.9 and less fluctuate, with high internal coordination degree. Comprehensively looking from the coordination degree and relative development degree of population urbanization and land urbanization, one can see that there are basically in a low-grade coordination stage, except a highly coordinated stage in 1999 - 2000 during the study period. The asynchronization of population urbanization and land urbanization is a restricting factor of the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization. The population urbanization and land urbanization are positive correlation with the coordination development level of population urbanization and land urbanization. As for impacting on coordination development level, population urbanization is larger than land urbanization.