哲学与历史——从党的十九大报告解读“习近平时代”

Philosophy and History:An Interpretation of the Xi Jingping Era from the 19th CPC National Congress Report

本文从哲学和历史的内在关联来解读"习近平时代"在党史、共和国史、中华文明史、国际共产主义运动史和人类文明史上的意义。近代以来,中国历史的主线就是中国人以国家主人的姿态和斗争精神不断探索一条独立的现代化道路。新时代中国特色社会主义作为现代化道路的"中国方案",就是在借鉴、消化西方模式和苏联模式的同时,以中国文化为基础,形成一套新的发展理念和发展思路,从而为人类文明的现代化进程贡献出"中国智慧"。在这个过程中,中国始终面临着马克思主义如何中国化的问题。马克思主义作为一种普遍的哲学真理不仅要与中国具体历史实践相结合,而且要与中国传统文化相融合。党的十八大以来形成的习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想,一方面用中国传统"心学"重新激活了共产主义理念,从而使其与中华民族伟大复兴共同构成凝聚全党全国人民的精神力量;另一方面用现代法治思路来完善党对国家的领导,激活中国传统政治文化,推动国家治理迈向现代化。因此,本文认为习近平时代面临的重大任务是建构与中国特色社会主义市场经济相适应的上层建筑,既要建构理顺党和国家关系的新宪制安排,又要建构中国特色社会主义的核心价值观。

In light of the intrinsic association of philosophy and history,this paper explains the significance of the Xi Jinping era for the history of the CPC,of the Republic,of Chinese civilization,of international communist movement,and of human civilization. The main thread running through the modern history of China is the incessant search for an independent modernization path by the Chinese people in the fighting spirit typical of a master. As a"China Scheme"for an alternative modernization path,Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era represents a new set of development ideas and thoughts which are based on Chinese culture but at the same time draw from the Western model and the Soviet model. It is therefore the"Chinese wisdom"to be offered for the modernization process of human civilization. In its own modernization process,China has always been facing the issue of how to sinicize Marxism,i.e.,how to integrate this universal philosophical truth with China's concrete practices and how to merge it with Chinese traditional culture. The"Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era"formed since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has dual aspects. On the one hand,it draws on the Chinese traditional"philosophy of the mind"to refuel the passion for communist idea and makes it the uniting spiritual force of the whole party and whole country in realizing the great revival of the Chinese nation. On the other hand,it uses the modern rule-of-thelaw thinking to perfect the party's leadership over the country,activate the Chinese traditional political culture,and push state governance towards modernization. Therefore,this paper holds that the major task for the Xi Jinping Era is to construct the superstructures compatible with the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics. This includes not only new constitutional arrangements that will straighten up the relationship between the party and the state,but also the establishment of the core values of socialism with Chinese characteristics.