办学规模与办学成就——基于USNEWS美国大学排名的实证分析

The Scale and the Achievements of University——An Empirical Study Based on USNEWS AmericanUniversity Rankings

在中国高等教育大众化进程中,很多大学追求学科更全、专业数更多和招生规模更大,隐含的假设是学校的办学规模对办学成就有积极影响和正向作用。基于2016年USNEWS美国大学排名数据分析办学规模与办学成就的关系发现:生均教育投入、在校学生规模、生师比、学科数和建校历史都显著影响办学成就,生均教育投入对办学成就的影响效应远大于其他因素。小班比例对办学成就没有直接影响效应,但对生师比和生均教育投入有积极正向作用;生师比在小班比例和办学成就之间具有完全中介作用,生均教育投入在小班比例和办学成就之间具有部分中介作用。提升小班比例可以作为生均教育投入和生师比改善的工作抓手,促进办学成就提升。

In the process of popularization of higher education in china,many universities tend to pursue more disciplines,more majors and more enrollments. An implied assumption is the school scale promotes its achievements. Based on USNEWS American University Rankings Data in 2016,this study analyzes the relationship between the scale and the achievements of university. The results show that the average spending per student,the scale of enrollment,the number of disciplines and school history have a significant positive impact on university achievement. The average spending per student has an greater effect on the achievements of university than other factors. The proportion of small-size classes does not have a direct effect on the achievements of university,but it has a positive effect on the student-faculty ratio and the average spending per student. The student-faculty ratiohas a complete mediating effect between the proportion of small-size classes and the achievements of university. The average spending per student has a partial mediating effect between the proportion of small-size classes and the achievements of university. To enhance the proportion of small classes can be used as a starting point for improving student-faculty ratio and the average spending per student which could be considered to promote university achievements.