自我发展能力剥夺视角下贫困地区多维贫困的测度与分析--以新疆和田地区为例

Measurement and analysis of multidimensioanl poverty in poor areas from the perspective of deprivation of self-development capacity——Taking Hotan Prefecture of Xinjiang as an example

从自我发展能力剥夺的视角出发,采用A-F多维贫困测度方法,使用2016年微观调研数据,测算了新疆和田地区多维贫困状况并进行分解。结果表明:就单维能力贫困而言,和田地区农户面临的突出问题是市场参与度低、借款筹资能力弱;与家庭福利缺失相比,和田地区存在较为严重的自我发展能力剥夺,大部分农户陷入"持续贫困"中。多维贫困发生率为86.23%,多维贫困指数为0.5030;资本积累能力、市场参与能力和人力资本依次对多维贫困指数的贡献最大。反贫困政策的制定需要从单一的收入视角转变到家庭福利的多维视角,最终转变到自我发展能力的多维视角,以此识别和瞄准贫困来提高精准扶贫成效。

From the perspective of the deprivation of self-development capacity,the A-F multidimensional poverty measurement method was used to calculate and decompose the multidimensional poverty index（ MPI） of Xinjiang Hotan Prefecture based on the micro survey data in 2016. The results show that： with regard to the single dimension capacity poverty,problems faced in Hotan area were that rural households＇ participation in the market was low,and the loan financing ability was weak. Compared with the lack of family welfare,there was severe deprivation of self-development capacity,and most of rural households fell into a ＂ sustained poverty＂ condition. The incidence of multidimensional poverty was 86. 23%,and the MPI was about 0. 5030; the contribution of capital accumulation ability,market participation ability and human capital to MPI were the largest. The government should formulate anti-poverty policy from income perspective to the perspective of family welfare,eventually to multidimensional self-development capacity,in order to improve the precision of recognition and targeting the poor and make targeted poverty alleviation effective.