1990-2015年三江平原生态功能区生态功能状况评估

Assessment on the dynamics of eco-environmental statuses from 1990 to 2015 in the ecological function zone of Sanjiang Plain

基于1990年、2000年、2010年和2015年四期的遥感影像提取土地覆被信息,以此为基础,依据《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ/T192-2015)对三江平原生态功能区生态功能状况及其变化趋势进行评估。结果显示:三江平原生态功能区生态功能状况指数(FEI)逐年减小,生态环境逐年变差,但有放缓之势。1990年和2000年FEI分别为57.43和54.44,生态功能状况为一般;2010年和2015年FEI分别为47.96和47.70,生态功能状况评级为较差,生态功能状况为自然生态差,存在明显的生态环境问题,生态类型结构单一,生态功能不稳定。1990-2015年间,生态功能状况变化度(△FEI)为-9.73,生态功能状况变化度评级为显著变差。从1990-2000年间到2000-2010年间,△FEI<0,且︱△FEI︱增大,1990-2010年间生态功能状况变差加剧;从2000-2010年间到2010-2015年间,△FEI<0,且︱△FEI︱减小,说明2000-2015年间生态功能状况变差状况有所缓解。人类扰动上升,气候变暖、变干也是该区生态功能状况变差的因素。

Based on the land cover data classified from landsat TM/ETM ＋/OLI in 1990,2000,2010 and 2015 by Remote sensing（ RS） and geographic information system（ GIS）,according to the evaluation method of ＂Technical Criterion for Eco-environmental Status Evaluation＂（ HJ/T192-2015）,ecological function statuses（ EFS） of the ecological function zone of Sanjiang Plain and their changes were assessed. Results showed that the index of EFS（ FEI） decreased from 1990 to 2015,suggesting that the EFS became worse. The FEI were 57. 43,54. 44,47. 96,and 47. 70 in 1990,2000,2010,and 2015,respectively. Grades of EFS were fairness in 1990 and 2000,and poorness in 2010 and 2015. The grade of EFS change degree（ △FEI） was-9. 73,indicating the significantly poorer variation from 1990 to 2015. The worse variation degree aggravated from period 1990-2000 to period 2000-2010 and weakened from period 2000-2010 to period 2010-2015. Land-cover change was an important factor to impact on the EFS. Wetland degeneration and cropland expansion were the direct reasons for the worse of EFS. The warmer and drier climate and increasing human disturbance were also the reasons for the worse of EFS. The establishment of nature reserves is crucial to protect the sustainable ecosystem.