敦煌莫高窟第465窟温湿度时空分布特征

Spatial and temporal distribution of temperature and relative humidity in Mogao Cave 465

通过对莫高窟北区第465窟温湿度进行连续监测,研究其时空分布特征。结果表明:第465窟温度大致呈正弦半波曲线变化,8月温度最高,1月温度最低,相对湿度受降雨影响明显,最高相对湿度出现在降雨量最大的8月。洞窟内温湿度空间分布受围护结构热惯性影响,表现出衰减性和延迟性,夏季由窟门向内温度逐渐降低,相对湿度逐渐升高,冬季相反。主室温湿度在空间分布上较前室更为均匀,垂直方向温湿度分布与高度相关性较大,距地面1.8m以上空间温湿度分布极为均匀。热压以及湿度差驱动的洞窟内外热湿交换造成了温湿度波动,夏季窟内中上部温湿度日波动较大,冬季前室地面温湿度日波动较大。

The temperature and relative humidity of Cave 465 which is located in northern area of the Mogao Grottoes have been monitored continuously to analyze their spatial and temporal distributions. The results indicated that temperature curves were approximately half sine wave and the highest temperature of the year occurred in August,while the lowest temperature occurred in January. The relative humidity was influenced by rainfall significantly and therefore the maximum relative humidity occurred in August when rainfalls was the most. The spatial distribution of temperature and relative humidity in Cave 465 was influenced by thermal inertia of building envelope and therefore showed decay and delay to outdoor temperature and relative humidity. The temperature dropped and the relative humidity went up with increasing depth of cave in summer,and the situation was the opposite in winter. The spatial distribution of temperature and relative humidity in main-chamber was more uniform than that in antechamber. The distributions of temperature and relative humidity on vertical direction were closely related with height,and the spatial distributions of temperature and relative humidity at the height above1. 8 m were extremely uniform. The heat and humidity exchange between interior and exterior of Cave 465 driven by thermal pressure and humidity difference resulted in the fluctuation of temperature and relative humidity. The temperature and relative humidity at the height above 1. 8 m showed obvious diurnal variation in summer,and it occurred to ground temperature and relative humidity in antechamber in winter.