生产队集体劳动中的社员机会主义行为:表现形式与形成机理

The Opportunistic Behavior of Members in the Collective Labor of the Production Team:The Form and the Formation Mechanism

人民公社时期，社员在集体劳动过程中存在偷懒、不负责任、敲竹杠和欺骗等四种机会主义行为。生产队制度监督、舆论监督和相互监督的存在，使机会主义行为不至于泛滥成灾，但受熟人社会人情关系的制约，上述监督并未得到严格执行，这就导致机会主义行为总是在可容忍范围内存在。生产队的分配，没有充分体现务农者的劳动贡献，参加集体劳动的所有人都认为自己的劳动付出没有得到应有的收入回报，在这种情况下，人人都想偷懒，都不想负责任，都想通过敲竹杠和欺骗从公家得到额外收益，这是造成人民公社时期生产队社员都想搞机会主义行为的经济根源。

During the period of the people＇s commune, there existed four kinds of opportunistic behavior among production team members in the process of collective labor, included lazy, irresponsible, rip-off and cheating. Production team system supervision, supervision by public opinion and mutual supervision, made these behaviors not overrun. But the supervision had not been strictly carried out because of the restriction of the acquaintance society human relationship. That is why opportunistic behavior always existed in a tolerable range. The distribution of the production team had not fully reflected the labor contribution. Everyone participating in collective labor thought their own labor didn＇t get the due income. In this case, everyone wanted to be lazy and irresponsible, and wanted to get extra income from the public through rip-off and cheating. This is the economic root that production team members wanted to make opportunism behavior during people＇s commune period.