陕西省乳蛋类食品中重金属膳食暴露风险评估

Risk assessment of heavy metals diet exposure in milk and egg food in Shaanxi province

目的探讨陕西省乳蛋类食品中重金属含量对居民健康造成的影响。方法采用2012年-2014年陕西省污染物监测计划中599份乳蛋类食品中Pb、As、Hg、Cd含量的调查数据,结合2002年陕西城乡居民膳食调查中乳蛋类消费量数据,计算出陕西城乡居民通过食用乳蛋类食品所致的重金属暴露量,以世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)推荐的可耐受量为标准进行评估,并应用美国环保局推荐的暴露剂量-反应外推模型对其引起的健康风险进行评价。结果陕西省乳蛋类食品不存在明显的重金属污染状况,其中镉、汞、铅、砷的平均含量依次分别为0.003 64 mg/kg、0.002 22 mg/kg、0.015 9 mg/kg、0.011 2 mg/kg,其所致居民每日每千克体重的重金属暴露量为纳克级,占JECFA推荐的TDI比例甚微,所引入的健康风险值为10^(-6)/a数量级,明显低于最大可接受值5.0×10^(-5)/a;其造成城市居民与农村居民的预期寿命损失分别为21.51 min和15.17 min。结论陕西省乳蛋类食品中的重金属含量较低,居民经食用途径所引入的健康风险甚微。

Objective To study the effect of heavy metal content of milk and eggs on local inhabitants in Shaanxi province.Methods The data of Pb,As,Hg,Cd in 599 samples items from pollution monitoring plan of Shaanxi province were statistically analyzed. Based on the data of milk and eggs consumption in Shaanxi urban and rural residents in 2002,the amount of heavy metal exposure of Shaanxi residents were calculated. The heavy metal exposure were evaluated by the standard JECFA recommended.Health risks associated with the intake of heavy metals were assessed using USEPA health risk assessment model. Results The mean contents of Cd,Hg,Pb,As in milk and eggs were 0. 003 64 mg/kg,0. 002 22 mg/kg,0. 015 9 mg/kg and 0. 011 2 mg/kg,respectively. The intakes of heavy metals via eating milk and eggs were at nanogram level,which accounted for only a small proportion of the TDI recommended by JECFA. The value of individual health risk was 10^-6/a,lower than the standard（ 5. 0 ×10^-5/a）. The LLE caused by the heavy metal were 21. 51 min and 15. 17 min for urban and rural residents,respectively. Conclusion On the whole,the content of heavy metals in milk and eggs was low in Shaanxi province,and the health risk of the residents via eating these food was very light.