某区焊接作业工人健康状况调查分析

Investigation and analysis of welding workers' health condition in a district

目的通过调查焊接作业工人长期接触低水平的锰烟、锰尘等职业病危害因素对其健康影响,了解焊接作业工人职业健康状况,以便制定有效防护措施,进一步完善国家标准。方法依据国家有关标准、规范的要求对焊接作业工人工作场所进行检测,对其进行在岗期间职业健康监护检查,对焊接作业工人基本情况、健康状况等进行问卷调查。结果超标的职业病危害因素检测项目主要是电焊烟尘、噪声、紫外线、锰烟,合格率分别为82.61%、82.86%、86.96%、91.30%。其余项目检测结果均合格。未检出职业禁忌症、职业病。异常项目血压检出率最高,其余依次为心电图、尿常规、血常规、肝功能。按性别分类,尿常规检测结果差异有统计学意义(χ~2=15.05,P<0.05);按年龄分类,血压、心电图差异有统计数意义(χ~2值分别为6.22、7.80,P<0.05);按工龄分类,血压、心电图、肝功能差异有统计数意义(χ~2值分别为8.68、7.84、10.33,P<0.05)。结论尿常规异常项目女性异常率高于男性;血压、心电图异常项目有随年龄增加而升高的趋势,高年龄组发病率高于低年龄组;血压、心电图、肝功能异常项目有随工龄增加而升高的趋势,高工龄组发病率高于低工龄组。

Objective Through the investigation on welding workers long-term exposed to low levels of manganese smoke,manganese dust and other occupational hazards factors to health,to understand the occupational health of workers in welding,in order to develop effective protective measures to protect the health of workers,while further improve national standard. Methods According to the relevant standards and norms of the country,the workplace of the welding workers was tested,and the occupational health supervision and inspection were carried out during their post. Conducting a questionnaire survey on basic situation and health status of the welding workers. Results The unqualified test items of occupational hazard detection mainly included welding fume,noise,ultraviolet ray and manganese smoke,their qualified rates were 82. 61%,82. 86%,86. 96% and 91. 30%. The test results of the remaining items all met the requirement of the standard. The examination of the occupational health surveillance did not detect the occupational contraindications and occupational diseases. Blood pressure detection rate was the highest abnormal item,followed by the ECG,urine routine,blood routine and liver function. According to gender group,the difference of urine routine had statistical significance（χ^2= 15. 05,P〈0. 05）. According to the age group,the differences of blood pressure and ECG had statistical significance（χ^2= 6. 22,χ2= 7. 80,P〈0. 05）. According to the seniority group,the differences of blood pressure,electrocardiogram and liver function had statistical significance（χ^2= 8. 68,χ2= 7. 84,χ2= 10. 33,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion The abnormal rate of female urine routine is higher than that of male. The abnormal rate of blood pressure and ECG increased with the age,the disease incidence rate of high-age group is higher than that of low-age group. The abnormal rate of blood pressure,ECG and liver function increased with seniority,the disease incidence rate of high-seniority group are higher than that of low-seniority group.