海洛因成瘾者的注意偏向与特质性正念水平的关联性

THE RELEVANCE BETWEEN ATTENTIONAL BIAS AND TRAIT MINDFULNESS IN HEROIN ADDICTS

目的:对药物相关刺激的注意偏向在海洛因成瘾中具有重要作用,因此可能作为成瘾干预的一个潜在靶点。正念因在干预成瘾中的作用而受到重视,但在未经训练的个体中,特质性正念水平与注意偏向的关系如何尚不清楚。阐明该问题有助于理解正念的作用机制,对于临床实践也有重要的指导意义。方法:招募36名强制隔离戒断状态下的海洛因成瘾者作为成瘾组,及65名不曾使用成瘾药物的短刑犯作为健康对照组,以点探测(dot-probe)任务测量其在不同的图片呈现时长条件下对药物相关刺激的注意偏向,并将注意偏向与正念注意觉察量表(MAAS)的得分进行相关分析。结果:成瘾组仅在图片呈现时间较短(200 ms)的情况下对药物相关刺激具有显著的注意偏向(P=0.028),且这一效应与成瘾个体MAAS得分呈负相关(r=-0.345,P=0.042)。结论:在强制隔离戒断状态下的海洛因成瘾者中,对药物相关刺激的注意偏向仅发生在自动化的注意朝向阶段,特质性正念水平可能在调控这种注意偏向中发挥重要作用。本研究结果提示,个体在正念方面的个体差异可能影响成瘾相关的心理行为特征,成瘾干预工作需考虑个体的特质性正念水平。

Objective： The attentional bias （AB） to drug-related stimulus plays an important role in heroin addiction,thus AB can be a promising target of intervention. Mindfulness receives increasing attention because of its effectiveness in addiction intervention,but it is unclear about the relationship between trait mindfulness and AB in untrained addicted individuals. Solving this problem will shed light on the mechanism of mindfulness action and guide clinical practice.Methods： Thirty-six heroin addicts in a controlled environment and 65 healthy criminals serving short term imprisonment were recruited as participants. A dot-probe task with three picture-displaying durations was used to measure the AB,and a correlation analysis conducted between the AB and the score of Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale （MAAS） .Results： Addicts showed significant AB （P = 0. 028） only in the condition of short picture-displaying duration （200 ms） ,and this AB effect inversely correlated with the MAAS score （r =-0. 345,P = 0. 042） .Conclusion： The AB of heroin addicts in a controlled environment occurs in the attention orientation process,and trait mindfulness may play a considerable regulatory role.These findings suggest that the individual difference in trait mindfulness can influence addiction-related psychological and behavioral characteristics, and intervention on addiction needs to consider this individual difference.