黔中喀斯特区典型土地利用方式及耕作措施的水土流失调控效应

Regulating Effects on Soil and Water Loss of Typical Slope Land Use Patterns and Tillage Methods in Karst Area of Central Guizhou Province

[目的]探讨贵州省中部喀斯特地区坡面几种典型土地利用类型及耕作措施对土壤水分、土壤侵蚀及坡面径流的调控效应,探明其差异显著性,为区域坡面水土流失防治提供参考。[方法]采用野外径流小区定位观测法,以贵州省龙里县羊鸡冲小流域及贵阳修文龙场小流域为研究对象,开展坡面不同土地利用及耕作方式水土流失调控效应的研究。[结果]林地、撂荒地及农耕地对土壤水分的调控效应差异不显著(p>0.05),对土壤侵蚀的调控效应差异显著(p<0.05)。3种土地利用方式对径流的调控效应相对复杂,具体为撂荒地显著低于林地(p<0.05),但林地与农耕地间、撂荒地与农耕地间均无显著差异(p>0.05);两种典型耕作措施研究结果显示,蔬菜种植(春甘蓝)对土壤水分、水土流失的调控效应优于玉米种植(单作),但两者对土壤水分及水土流失的调控效应均无显著差异(p>0.05)。[结论]黔中喀斯特区3种土地利用方式中,撂荒地水土流失调控效应显著高于林地和耕地;蔬菜种植水土流失调控效应高于玉米单作,但是两者无显著差异(p>0.05)。

[Objective]This study aimed to explore the regulating effects of different slope land use patterns and tillage methods on soil moisture and soil water loss in karst area of Central Guizhou Province,and to provide references for soil water conservation on karst hillslope.[Methods]Yangjichong small watershed in Longli County,Longchang small watershed in Xiuwen County were took as the research areas,and the soil moisture,runoff and soil erosion were observed by using runoff plot method.[Results]The soil moistures among forestland,abandoned land and farmland were not significantly different（p〈0.05）,though soil erosion was significantly different（p〈0.05）.The effects on runoff among forestland,abandoned land andfarmland were relatively complicated：runoff on abandoned land was significantly lower than the ones on forestland（p〈0.05）;while there were no significant differences between forestland and farmland,and between abandoned land and farmland（p〉0.05）.The study results of 2 typical tillage methods on soil moisture and soil water loss indicated that the regulating effects of vegetable planted（spring cabbage）were better than the one of corn planted（monocrop）,however,there were no significant differences between these 2 tillage methods on soil moisture and soil water loss（p〉0.05）.[Conclusion]Among the 3 different land use patterns,abandoned land had significant effect on soil and water conservation as compared to the ones of forestland and farmland in karst area of central Guizhou Province,and there was no significant difference between vegetable planted and planted corn.