产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的发病因素分析

Contributory factors in the pelvic floor dysfunction

目的分析产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的相关发病因素,为临床预防及治疗提供理论依据。方法选择2017年1~2017年7月在烟台市烟台山医院分娩并产后6~8周返院复查出现产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的产妇150例为研究组,选择同期产后复查的正常产妇150例为对照组。对两组进行问卷调查、妇科检查、盆底器官脱垂评分、盆底肌力及疲劳度测定。结果研究组中孕妇产次、孕妇体重指数均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),研究组的阴道分娩率、会阴撕裂、会阴侧切及阴道助产率、第二产程延长发生率、新生儿出生体质量等明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而研究组盆底肌Ⅰ、Ⅱ类纤维肌力及疲劳度的正常比率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论孕妇多产、肥胖、阴道分娩、会阴损伤、阴道助产、第二产程延长、新生儿出生质量较大等因素与产后盆底功能障碍性疾病的发病有关。

Objective To analyze the factors in the development of pelvic floor dysfunction(PFD) and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of the disease. Methods We included 150 cases that were diagnosed as PFD 6-8 weeks after delivery. 150 normal maternities were included as controls. Results The parities and body mass index of PFD maternities were higher than controls(P<0.05). The rate of vaginal delivery, episiotomy,assisted vaginal delivery, and lengthening of the second stage of labor was significantly higher in PFD maternities than in controls(P<0.05), while the muscle strength of pelvic floor was lower in PFD maternities than in controls(P<0.05). Conclusions Parities, obesity, vaginal delivery, and macrosomia contribute to the development of PFD.