我国地下水抗生素污染及风险评估研究进展

Review on the Pollution and Risk Assessment of Antibiotics in the Groundwater System in China

我国作为抗生素的生产和使用大国,大量的抗生素被直接或间接排放成为污水,抗生素种类较多,一般污水处理工艺难以完全去除,排放到环境中的抗生素经过吸附、淋洗、渗滤等迁移直至到污染地下水。由于抗生素存在的环境生态系统潜在危害,近年研究学者日益关注地下水中的抗生素的研究,通过不断完善抗生素的检测分析方法,开展了抗生素区域分布特征、生态风险评价以及抗生素在水体环境中的迁移行为研究工作,表明地下水中的抗生素分布明显的地域性,对于多数地下水的抗生素的风险出于中低风险,以低风险为主,但随着回用水在地下灌注,此类的地下水中的部分抗生素风险较高,应引起注意。

Antibiotics have been extensively manufactured and used duming past few decades; however, many of them are excreted directly or indirectly into waste-water. Unfortunately, the existing water treatment plant do not effectively remove antibiotics due to the properties of the antibiotics, therefore, water contained antibiotics enter the environment through interaction of the absorption, elution and infiltration. Recently, researcher play more interests in the study of the antibiotics in environment, for it poses the potential risk on the ecosystem. More and more studies reported on the analytical methods of antibiotics, behavior, migration and characteristics of antibiotics in different regions, as well as the ecological and human risk assessment. It indicated that the distribution of antibiotics was regional, the risk was mainly low and middle at controlled level, however, in the recharged groundwater, conversely high risk cause by some of the antibiotics, which caused further concerns.