农村社会结构变动下的孝文化失范与家庭养老支持困境探析

The Anomie of the Filial Piety Culture and Dilemma of Family Support for the Elderly in the Context of Rural Social Structure

在探讨农村社会结构变动下代际关系何以支持家庭养老问题上,对具有维系功能的文化基础研究十分重要。本文从文化功能分析的角度出发,基于农村个案的深入剖析,对农村社会结构变动下的孝文化与家庭养老支持之间的关联进行研究。研究发现,由于农村社会结构变动引发的代际关系"断裂",传统的孝文化呈现失范状态,依赖孝文化的"反哺式"家庭养老模式开始异变,主要表现为孝文化由"价值性"转向"工具性"、转向女性家庭成员支持的"靠女养老"及孝文化控制变异下的养老束缚等,由此造成了家庭养老在经济支持、看护支持与精神支持诸方面的困境。解决由孝文化失范造成的农村家庭养老支持困境,既需要重视家风建设,也需要完善养老服务。

Cultural studies are very important to explain how inter-generational relations affect the family supporting for the elderly in changing social structure in rural areas. From the perspective of cultural function analysis and based on the case study in rural areas, this paper investigates the relationship between the filal piety culture and family supporting for the elderly. Due to the “break” of inter-generational relations caused by the changes of social structure in rural areas, the ？ lial piety culture began to be in a state of “anomie”, and the traditional “？ lial piety” has been narrowed and distorted. In such circumstances, ？ lial piety culture has changeing from “value” to “instrumentality”, and to “relying on female care” and inter-generational relations constraints. The “anomie” of the filial piety culture has caused the dilemma of the rural family supporting for the elderly. To solve this dilemma, we need to re-construct the family norms and improve the social services for the elderly.