在数字网络环境下“公认的商业道德”判定的考量因素

Considerations on the Judgment of "Recognized Business Ethics" in Digital Network Environment

面对变化万千、种类繁多的数字网络环境下的不正当竞争行为,显然法律对行为"正当性"的评价绝非单一概念性的界定即可完成。需要针对特定行业、特定行为、特定技术方式等对"公认的商业道德"的具体内容进行剖析,并且结合既有的司法判例进行界定,从而为《反不正当竞争法》第二条即"一般条款"的适用提供实际操作的可行路径。"商业道德标准是不同于日常生活道德的经济伦理标准,以现实的和公认的商业道德来认定不正当竞争行为。防止将商业道德简单等同于个人道德或社会公德,不适当地扩张不正当竞争行为的范围。因市场竞争本身具有谋取私利甚至‘损人利己’的属性。"2正是此种特定行业与经济伦理的背景设计,使得裁判者在发现"公认的商业道德"的过程中,增加了许多不稳定性,诸如行业的情况、发展的状况、未来的前景、技术的因素等等,由此多元化的不确定因素导致了司法适用的难题。本文将以实证分析的方法,对数字网络环境下如何确定"公认的商业道德"具体内容进行分析,确定其判定的考量因素,以期为准确界定该类纠纷中的"公认的商业道德"提供借鉴。

Facing the wide variety of unfair competition behaviors in digital networks environment, it is clear that the assessment of ＂legitimacy＂ of behaviors is not a single conceptual defnition. We need to analyze specifc content of “ recognized business ethics” based on specific industries, specific behaviors, specific technical methods, and define it in the light of existing judicial jurisprudence, so as to provide practical path for the application of the Article 2 of Anti-Unfair Competition Law.Business ethics is an economic ethics standard different from the daily ethical standards. We should determinate unfair competition behaviors with reference of realistic and recognized business ethics, rather than simply based on personal morality or social morality, which would inappropriate expand the scope of unfair competition law. Competition behaviors themself have the attribute of self-serving, even of ＂beggar thy neighbour＂. Due to particular background of industry development and economic ethics, it adds a lot of instability for referee during the process of determining “recognized business ethics”, such as industry situation, development situation, future prospects, technology factors, etc., which thereby leads to challenges for judicial application. In this paper, we will analyze the specific content of “recognized business ethics” in the digital network environment by using the method of empirical analysis, and determine the consideration factors of its judgment, therefore to provide a reference for accurately defnition of the “recognized business ethics” in such disputes.