体育科学质性研究之现象学研究方法论

Qualitative Research in Sports Science:Phenomenology Methodology

体育科学研究方法选择与应用的科学性和体育科学研究方法本身的科学性同等重要。量化研究范式在体育科学研究中的过度使用,弱化了质性研究空间。量化研究与质化研究各有其局限性,质化、量化研究方法的融合才是科学研究的归宿。质化、量化研究方法的融合有两种形式:其一是质化、量化研究方法综合运用;其二是用量化研究范式处理质性研究材料。通过对量化研究与质化研究范式的分析,旨在强调质化研究在体育学研究领域的价值。现象学方法是质性研究方法的一种,现象学方法论以现象学理论为基础。经典的现象学研究方法步骤包括:悬置前见、描述体验与还原、主题分析与反思、主题反馈、撰写文本等。现象学研究也不可避免地具有一定的局限性,但是现象学研究对于体验与反思的关注,正是人类不断纠偏、不断进步的有效途径。在过度重视量化研究范式的当前,要更多关注质化研究方法的灵活运用,以问题为导向,重视量化研究与质化研究的有效结合,丰富体育科学研究方法体系,提高体育科学研究水平。

Selection and application of scientific research methods in sport science and sports science research meth-ods are equally important. The overuse of the quantitative research paradigm in the study of sports science weakens the function of qualitative study. Both quantitative research and qualitative research have their limitations, so their fusion would be the best way to do scientific research. The fusion of qualitative and quantitative research takes two forms： one is their integrated use; the other dealing with qualitative research with quantita-tive research paradigm. By analyzing quantitative research and qualitative research paradigm, this paper aims to emphasize the value of qualitative research in the field of sports science research. Phenomenological methods, which are based on the theory of phenomenology, are a type of qualitative research. The classic phenomenologi-cal methods include the flowing steps： epoche,describing the experience and reduction, subject analysis and reflection,feedback, and writing. Phenomenology methods also have some limitations inevitably,but their focus on the experience and reflection of human being is a very effective way for human to make adjustment and progress constantly. More attention should be paid to the flexible application of qualitative methods when exces-sive emphasis is given to quantitative research paradigm, and the effective problem - oriented fusion of quantitative research and qualitative research will enrich sports science research method system and improve the level of sports science research.