我国高水平跳水运动员时空分布特征研究

A Research on the Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of High Level Diving Athletes in China

通过搜集2001-2016年期间中国跳水项目中全部运动健将和国际级运动健将数据资料,运用回归分析法和空间分析法,研究我国高水平跳水运动员的时空分布特征,并从高水平跳水运动员数量、发展趋势以及全国各地区的GDP、人口、重视程度和地理环境条件进行原因分析。结果表明:在时间分布上,高水平跳水运动员数量总体为增长趋势,其中国际级运动健将增长趋势较缓(斜率为0.5),运动健将增长趋势明显(斜率为1.37),运动健将数量为国际级运动健将数量的9倍以上,说明"金字塔"基座稳定。从男女数量对比分析来看,运动健将女多男少差异明显,国际级运动健将男多女少有差异。在数量稳定和比赛成绩方面,国际级运动健将女子优于男子,使得我国女子跳水连续三届奥运会获得金牌大满贯。在空间分布上,我国各地区之间累计培养的高水平跳水运动员数量差异较大,空间分布不均衡。研究认为,从整体来看,我国高水平跳水运动员发展态势良好,但是存在着时空分布不均衡现象。因此,各地区应该高度重视跳水事业的建设,注重男女运动员平衡发展,加强区域之间的人才交流,促进我国跳水项目更好发展。

Based on the data of all of the Chinese masters of sports and the international maters of sports in diving event from 2001 to 2016, the present paper studied through the methods of regression analysis and spatial analysis the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of Chinese high level diving athletes and analyzed the reasons with reference to the number of high - level diving athletes,development trends,as well as the GDP, population,attention and geographical conditions of various regions in China. The results show that ： in terms of temporal distribution,the number of high - level diving athletes is increasing on the whole,among which the growth trend of international masters of sports is slowing down （ slope is 0. 5 ）, while the growth trend of masters of sports is significant （ slope is 1.37 ） . The number of masters of sports is more than 9 times that of interna-tional masters of sports,indicating that the pyramid” base is stable. In terms of the proportion of men and women, the number of female athletes is much more than male athletes, while the number of male international masters of sports is more than that of females. In terms of competition performance and results, female interna-tional masters of sports are better than males,as is evidenced by the fact that Chinas women diving team has won the gold medal grand slam in the past three consecutive Olympic games. In terms of spatial distribution, the number of high level diving athletes from different regions within China varies greatly,showing the distribu-tion of athletes is unbalanced. The study shows that the development trend of Chinese high level diving athletes on the whole is good despite that their temporal and spatial distribution are not even. To promote the development of diving event in China, all regions should attach importance to the construction of diving career, the bal-anced development of male and female athletes,and the exchange of talents between regions.