城市化背景下的农村养老问题剖析——基于滇东南L县Y村的案例分析

The Problem of Providing for the Aged in the Countryside Under the Background of Urbanization:A Case of the Y Village of L County in Southeastern Yunnan

在城市化加速我国农村人口老龄化的背景之下,我国的农村养老出现了诸多问题。笔者以滇东南L县Y村为例,剖析当前我国城市化过程给农村养老问题带来的影响。城市化对农村养老的影响表现在以下几个方面:(1)农业生产方式变化使农村农业收入变得不稳定,养老经济来源受阻,同时城市化的功利思想传入也影响了农村村民的养老观念;(2)农村人口流出时农村老人与子女分居城乡两地,加上流出人员"半城市化"身份的压力,造成子女养老意愿的断裂;(3)城市化进程改变了农村的人际关系格局,削弱了农村老年人原有的社区支持,但是应有的配套社会养老保障体制却发展滞后,造成农村老人老无所依。

Under the context of urbanization accelerating the aging of rural population of China,there are many problems in Chinese rural supporting. The author takes the Y village of L County in southeastern Yunnan as an example,it analyzes the impact of the current urbanization process on rural old age. The impact of urbanization on rural supporting is manifested in the following aspects：（1） the change of the mode of agricultural production makes the rural agricultural income become unstable,therefore,the economic source of the pension is blocked;（2） when the population flows out,the rural old parents and their children are depart from the urban and rural,companying with the pressure of the ＂semi-urbanization＂status,the old of rural can＇t be cared;（3） the process of urbanization changes the rural interpersonal relationship patterns,which weakens the support of the old from the community,but the social pension system was lagged,and the final result is that the old in the rural area can rely on nothing.