中国竞技体育发展的区域差异研究

Regional Differences and Spatial Polarization of Competitive Sports Development in China

运用数理统计和GIS空间分析法，探究1984-2016年不同空间尺度下夏季奥运会奖牌的时空分布特征及演变规律，结果表明：中国夏季奥运会奖牌总量及不同类型奖牌数量的变化差异较大，奖牌总量在整体上展现出由低缓增长、快速增长到迅速下降的演变过程，不同阶段各类型奖牌数量变化存在非均质性，其内部增长比重的变化差异也较为显著。不同时期奥运会奖牌分布的绝对差异呈现继续扩大的趋势，而区域间分布的相对差异整体表现出缩小的态势。奖牌分布的地理集中指数表现出明显的三个变化阶段，整体呈反“S”型演变趋势。奖牌主要分布在东中部地区，东、中、西三大地区的地带差异性明显，呈现出由沿海向内陆逐步递减的趋势，“东南密、西北疏”的非均衡发展格局日益显著。奖牌总量的分布重心主要在皖、苏、豫、鲁4省空间范围内移动，奥运会奖牌分布差异主要受人力资源水平和体育管理水平的影响，不同地区主要影响因素及作用强度各异。

Using mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis, Exploring spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and evolution of the summer Olympic medals in different spatial scales from 1984 to 2016. The result shows that： The variation of the total amount of Chinese Olympic medals and different types of medals. The total medals in the whole show by slow growth, rapid growth to the rapid decline in the evolution process, different stages of various types of changes in the number of medals heterogeneities exist differences, changes in its internal growth proportion is more significant. In different periods, the absolute distribution of the medals in the Olympic Games shows the trend of continuing to expand, while the relative differences of the medals in the Olympic Games in different regions show a narrowing trend. The geographic concentration index of Olympic medals in different periods showed three distinct stages of change, and the overall trend of the anti ＂S＂ trend. Chinese Olympic medals are mainly distributed in the eastern and central regions, East, and west regions of the three zone difference obviously, showing a gradually decreasing trend from coastal regions to inland, southeast northwest dense, sparse and non-balanced development pattern is increasingly significant. Different types of Olympic medals and medals of the total distribution center are mainly in Anhui, Jiangsu, Henan, Shandong Province, four mobile space range. The difference of medal distribution in China＇s summer Olympic Games is mainly affected by the level of human resources and the level of sports management. The main factors affecting the spatial distribution of Summer Olympic medals in different regions are different.