中国外贸集装箱生成量的空间分布特征

Spatial Distribution of Foreign Trade Container Generation Volume in China

自1980年代以来中国集装箱运输以年均24．78％的速度快速增长，其中70％以上为外贸集装箱量，研究外贸集装箱生成的空间分布和差异对发展中国的集装箱运输至关重要。对我国340个地级市2013年外贸集装箱生成量分布特征研究发现，地级市的集装箱生成能力具有明显的趋海性特征，呈现出由东部向中、西部迅速递减的格局，东部沿海51个地级市4．56％的国土面积上生成了65．4％的外贸集装箱；距离海岸线350km以内约全国面积16．23％的地级市，形成了高达94．12％的外贸集装箱量；距离海岸线350km以外83．77％的国土面积上，仅具有全国约6％的集装箱生成能力。利用探索性空间数据分析方法研究空间差异的结果表明，我国外贸集装箱生成同时也具有明显的不均衡性特征，在集装箱分布高度密集的东部沿海地区，山东半岛区域、长三角地区、海峡西岸和珠三角地区是显著性热点区域，而西部绝大部分地区及东北的部分城市是显著性的冷点区域。基于外贸集装箱分布明显的趋海性和不均衡性特征，在对集装箱港口腹地的划分、港口布局及港口集疏运体系的规划等方面的研究过程中，应重点关注距海岸线350km以内的东部沿海区域的相关问题。

Chinese container transportation has maintained an average annual growth rate of 24.78% since 1980s. Foreign trade goods constitute 70% of all container goods, therefore the spatial distribution and differentiation of foreign trade container generation are of vital importance for the development of Chinese container transportation. This study takes the research unit of prefecture-level city and uses the cross sectional data of foreign trade container generation in 2013.The results of study on distribution characteristics show that foreign trade container generation has obvious sea-approach distribution pattern which rapidly declines from east to west side. The land area and container generation ratio of 51 coastal prefecture-level cities versus nationwide are 4.56% and 65.4%, this ratio for prefecture-level cities within 3501an of coastline are 16.23% and 94.12%, this ratio other cities are 83.77% and 6%. The spatial differentiation was studied using exploratory spatial data analysis method. The results show that foreign trade container generation has obvious imbalance characteristics, significant hot-spot areas include： Shandong Peninsula, Yangtze River Delta, the west coast of the Taiwan Straits and the Pearl River Delta region; significant cold-spot areas are most places in western region and cities in north-eastern region. Based on the sea-approach and imbalance characteristics, future research priorities should be placed on the areas which are within 350km of coastline. This can be important reference for container port hinterland division, port layout and construction of port transportation system.