重庆市乡村人居环境质量评价及其差异化优化调控

Evaluation of Rural Human Settlements Quality and Its Differentiated Optimization in Chongqing Municipality

评价乡村人居环境质量并理清其空间分异特征，对因地制宜的制定区域差异化乡村人居环境整治策略具有最直接的指导性作用。以重庆市37个区县为研究单元，构建乡村人居环境质量综合评价指标体系，利用熵值法测度各区县乡村人居环境质量旨以剖析其空间分异特征。结果表明：①重庆市县域乡村人居环境质量呈现出局部圈层与多核心共存、“两极”分化明显以及“西高东低”的空间分异特征。②厘定了乡村人居环境质量优势区、良好区、一般区、较差区4种乡村人居环境类型。③提出优势区分类开展、重点治理，兼顾后期管护；良好区规划先行，辅以农村建设用地内部整理举措；一般区强化与落实三峡库区生态环境保护，优化乡村传统农业；较差区因地制宜发展特色乡村经济，继承和发展乡村传统文化的差异化优化调控策略。

Evaluation of the rural human settlements quality and figuring out the spatial distribution of rural human settlements is the basis of making differential consolidation strategies and the key of optimizing the rural human settlements. Taking the 37 counties in Chongqing as research units, an index system of comprehensive evaluation for rural human settlements is proposed based on five aspects including infrastructure conditions, rural public service conditions, environmental sanitation, living conditions and rural economic development level. By using entropy method, this study evaluates the quality of rural human settlements to analyze its spatial distribution. The results show that the partial layer structure and multi-core is coexisted in the county rural human settlements of Chongqing Municipality, which polarized obviously and exhibits the spatial gradient pattern of ＂high in the west and low in the east＂; the four type zones, including advantage area, secondary advantage area, general area and poor area ,were divided on the basis of the zoning method of average value; the advantage area should launch classified and focused governance strategy, together with later management measures;the secondary advantage area should propose rural human settlements planning first, supplemented with internal arrangement measurement of rural construction land; the general area should support and highlight the ecological environment protection of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and optimize rural traditional agriculture; the poor area should raise unique rural economy that suits local conditions, practice differentiated regulation strategies that inherit and develop traditional ntral culture.