《资本论》第三卷的阶级问题:解答、续论和批判

Class Issues in Das Kapital Vol Ⅲ:Answers,Continuing Discussion and Criticism

马克思在《资本论》第三卷的最后一章《阶级》中提出了"是什么形成阶级"的问题,手稿却在解答时中断了。对此,依据马克思《资本论》理论体系的基本原理、内在逻辑和历史语境,对马克思未了的阶级形成问题加以续论。唯物史观立足于物质经济、社会关系和内在矛盾的现实维度来审视阶级的性质。马克思所述的"一些中间的和过渡的阶层",主要由意识形态的阶层、精神生产的阶层、游离生产的阶层以及不宜进入生产领域的阶层所构成。后马克思主义对马克思阶级概念进行了否定和批判,并对阶级形成问题作出了否定性解答。马克思《资本论》对阶级形成问题的解答依然适用于当今时代。

Marx came up with an issue about what formats the class in Das Kapital Vol Ⅲ,and the manuscript suspended when he tried to answer.It is necessary to make continuing discussion about Marx's unfinished class issues in the light of fundamental principles,inner logic and historical context of Marx's Das Kapital.Historical Materialism examined the nature of class based on economy,social relationship and inner contradictions.The intermediate and transitional strata expounded by Marx mainly consisted of the strata of ideology,spiritual production,dissociation of production and unsuitable for production.Post-Marxism negated and criticized Marx's class concept and made a negative answer to the issue about class formation.The answer to the issue about class formation in Marx's Das Kapital is still in line with the present era.