斯宾诺莎实践理性在近代的发展及其价值

The Development and Value of Spinoza's Practical Reason in Modern Times

斯宾诺莎哲学的形而上学理性表达包括理论理性与实践理性,即自然理性与道德理性。自然理性作为理论理性也蕴含着实践意蕴,提出了人作为自然存在的一部分被永恒必然性所决定,它是人对于自身自然本性和自由必然性的反思。道德理性的实践智慧,提出了当人在某种义务下的本质就是人类为我们人性的理想去建构一个远比我们自己坚强的理想人性状态。自然理性和道德理性不是矛盾的,而是在不同意义上的人的自由必然性和道德必然性的统一,二者以神为载体促进了理论理性和实践理性的统一,使心灵和自然知识相一致,为我们展现了一种形而上学的神性追求,在实践理性中凸显了对于世界的思考。

The metaphysical rational expression of Spinoza's philosophy includes theoretical reason and practical reason,e.g.natural reason and moral reason.Among them,natural rationality,as theoretical reason,also contains practical wisdom,and puts forward that man as a part of natural existence is determined by the inevitability of eternity.It is the reflection of man's natural nature and the inevitability of freedom.The practical wisdom of moral reason puts forward that the essence of human beings under certain obligations is that human beings construct a stronger ideal state of human nature than our own for the ideal of human nature.The natural and moral rationality are not contradictory,but in a different sense of human freedom and necessity of moral necessity of unity.The two takes divinity as a carrier to promote the rational unified theory and practice,which makes the mind and the nature consistent.It not only causes a metaphysical pursuit of divinity,but also highlights the world's thinking of practical reason.