济南市学龄前儿童乳牙患龋情况及其家庭口腔健康行为调查研究

The contrast research between dental caries and oral health behavior of family of preschool children in urban and rural in Jinan

目的探讨济南市学龄前儿童乳牙的患龋情况及与其家庭口腔健康行为的相关性,为针对性的开展儿童口腔健康预防保健工作提供理论依据。方法采用多阶段、分层、随机抽样的方法,在济南市4个地区的幼儿园抽取学龄前儿童共546人,城市儿童261人,农村儿童285人。运用世界卫生组织《口腔健康调查基本方法》诊断标准进行乳牙龋病情况检查,并对受检者家长行家庭口腔健康行为调查问卷。结果学龄前儿童的乳牙患龋率是72.08%,龋均为(dmft)4.14;城市儿童与农村儿童的乳牙患龋率分别为64.27%和79.89%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。学龄前儿童饮食当中含糖食品的进食频率高;在农村儿童饮食当中碳酸饮料、果汁、糖果等的进食频率较高;城市儿童开始刷牙时间较农村儿童早;刷牙频率和使用含氟牙膏的比例均高于农村儿童。城市家长的学历和家庭年收入普遍比农村家长高。结论济南市学龄前儿童的乳牙患龋情况正相关于其家庭的口腔健康;并且与家长的学历及经济情况呈负相关性,济南市亟待加强儿童家长尤其是农村家长的口腔卫生知识的宣传教育。

Objective To explore the relationship between dental caries of preschool children and oral health behavior of family in urban and rural for providing the evidence with oral hygiene education on children basis.Methods The representative samples were selected by multi-stage,stratifed and random sampling from 4 regions of Jinan City.Dental caries of 546 preschool children were recorded （urban261;rural：285）according to World Health Organization criteria.The questionnaires were finished by 546 parents of the children and analyzed the oral health behavior of family in urban and rural by chi-squre test.Results The prevalence and dmft of dental caries of preschool children in Jinan City was 72.08% and 4.14 respectively.The prevalence of dental caries in preschool children was 64.27%in urban and 79.89%in rural.The difference was statistically signifcant.The frequency of eating sugary foods of preschool children was high;there was signifcant diference on the consumption of sweets,water with sugar and beverage between the children in urban and rural;more urban children had good tooth brushing behavior such at the time of beginning brush tooth,the frequency of brushing and daily use of fuoridated toothpaste compared with the rural children.The parents in urban had high level of education and incomes.Conclusion The dental caries status of preschool children was positively correlated with oral health knowledge of the parents; publicity and education on oral health knowledge of parents especially the parents in rural should be strengthened in Jinan City.