放养对不同品系景阳鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道微生物的影响

Effects of Free Range on Production Performance, Egg Quality and Intestinal Bacteria of Different Strains of Jingyang Chicken

试验旨在研究放养对不同品系景阳鸡生产性能、蛋品质及肠道主要微生物的影响。选取47周龄景阳鸡粟麻羽、黄麻羽各160只,两羽系各随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复16只。每羽系其中1组进行舍内地面平养(舍饲组),另一组进行山地放养(放养组),两组均自由采食及饮水,每天统计产蛋量和耗料量。试验第60天,每个重复随机取6个蛋测定蛋品质,同时于当天清晨每组随机取3个新鲜粪样用于鸡肠道微生物检测。结果表明:两品系景阳鸡放养组期末体重、产蛋率均显著低于舍饲组(P<0.05),而只日均耗料量都极显著高于舍饲组(P<0.01);粟麻羽放养组蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位都极显著高于舍饲组(P<0.01),黄麻羽上述指标虽无显著性差异,但其放养组蛋黄重显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05);两品系放养组鸡肠道乳酸杆菌的数量均极显著高于舍饲组(P<0.01)。黄麻羽放养组鸡肠道大肠杆菌的数量极显著低于舍饲组(P<0.01)。由此可知,产蛋期间放养降低了景阳鸡体重,改善了蛋品质,增加了鸡肠道乳酸杆菌的数量,一定程度降低了大肠杆菌的数量。

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of free range on production performance, egg quality and main intestinal bacteria of different strains of Jingyang chicken. 160 47-week-age millet-feather chickens and 160 Jute-feather chickens Jingyang chickens were selected respectively, and then the two strains were randomly divided into 2 groups, with 5 replicates per group and 16 chickens per replicate. In each feather group, one group was reared in the ground （indoor group）, while the other was in the mountain range （free range group）. All groups had free access to feed and water. Egg production and feed consumption were recorded daily, and at the 60th day of the experiment, 6 eggs from each replicate were taken for determination of egg quality, in the morning of the same day three fresh fecal samples from each group were randomly selected for intestinal microbial detection. The results showed that the final weight and laying rate of the two strains of the free range group of Jingyang chicken was significantly lower than that of indoor groups （P〈0.05）, but the average daily feed consumption was significantly higher than that of indoor groups （P〈0.01）. The yolk color and Haugh unit of free range group of millet-feather were significantly higher than those of indoor group （P〈0.01）. However, the same index of jute-feather showed no significant differences, and the yolk weight was significantly higher for the free range group compared with the indoor group （P〈0.05）. The number of Lactobacillus from the two strains of the free range group was significantly higher than those of indoor groups （P〈0.01）. The number of intestinal Escherichia coli of in jute-feather chicken in the free range group was significantly lower than those in indoor group （P〈0.01）. Therefore, during the laying time, free range could reduce Jingyang chicken＇s weight, improved egg quality, increase the number of intestinal Lactobacillus, and to some extent reduce the number of Escherichia coll.