经学还是子学——政治儒学复兴应选择何种途径

Jing Xue or Zi Xue——Which Approach Should the Revive of Political Confucianism Choose

百年来的儒学研究,或是沿着"整理国故"的路线,把儒学当作一个死物件;或是以德国古典哲学及当代欧陆哲学为哲学的范式,以一种"偏食"的方式建构儒家哲学。这两种途径都忽视或者否认儒学的自立、自为的政治向度以及传统中国政治的正面意义。近几年被贴上"大陆新儒家"标签的学人,重新重视儒家的政治传统,不将其作为心性儒学的附庸,而发扬其独立和正面的价值。在这一群体内部,经学路线成为主流。但这一路线自居为正统,并无历史与理论的基础,作为复兴儒学的途径,它有着种种缺陷。如果我们还希望儒家参与到当代放大了的诸子竞争之中,我们就应该采取一种子学路线,即在包容从不同的儒家经典出发的多元传统的基础上,结合历代儒者对政治制度的反思和创新,面对当代政治问题,给出非儒者也能接受的普世论证。

In the past a hundred and more years, there are two main approaches to the studies of Confucianism. The first is to"sort out the old things of the [Chinese] nation", in which Confucianism is treated as a dead object of study. The second is to reconstruct a Confucian philosophy, using German idealism and continental philosophy as the model of philosophy. Both approaches have ignored or even rejected the political dimension of Confucianism that can be taken as independent of the moral metaphysical one, and merits of traditional Chinese regimes. In recent years, those who are labelled as"Mainland New Confucians"focus on the political dimension of Confucianism. They don't take it as secondary to or derivative of xin xing(心性)Confucianism(a form of Confucian moral metaphysics), but try to defend its independent and positive values. Among the so-called"Mainland New Confucians", the Jing Xue(经学)approach is the dominant one. As a way to revive Confucianism in the contemporary world, it has many problems. If we still wish to take and spread Confucianism as a universal value, and to engage it with other competing narratives in the world, we should take a Zi Xue(子学)or political philosophy approach. According to this approach, we should take a more pluralistic and inclusive attitude toward Confucian classics and take advantage of different reflections on and innovations of political institutions by Confucian thinkers in the past. On this basis, we should then try to offer solutions to contemporary political issues, and defend them with arguments that are universal in the sense that even the non-Confucians can understand and accept.