世界各国膳食指南基本情况和宣传图形的比较

COMPARISON OF BASIC CHARACTERISTICS AND GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE DIETARY GUIDELINES FROM DIFFERENT COUNTRIES

目的通过分析比较来自六大洲(排除南极洲)的90个国家(地区)公开发表的膳食指南在宣传图形和关键推荐等方面的异同,促进对世界各国膳食指南相关情况的了解。方法遵循"膳食指南检索筛选和纳入—关键条目信息汇总→信息分析比较"工作流程,在全球224个国家和地区中,排除未公开发表膳食指南或因为语言问题未能检索到的国家,最终收集六大洲90个国家(地区)的膳食指南及其相关信息。结果本研究共检索到相关膳食指南信息的国家(或地区)共90个(按照地理所属六大洲的分布包括欧洲35/90、亚洲21/90、南美洲9/90、北美洲17/90、非洲5/90、大洋洲3/90)。未能检索到6个国家的膳食指南全文,1个国家的膳食指南关键条目和10个国家的膳食指南宣传图形;另外,41个国家的膳食指南全文因语言原因(非英语)而未被纳入研究,仅44.4%(40/90)的国家检索到信息详尽的膳食指南(完整包括膳食指南全文、关键条目和宣传图形)。本研究一共纳入了80个国家的膳食指南宣传图形(共82份),40%(33/82)采用塔形(金字塔和宝塔等),23%(19/82)采用圆形图案作为宣传图形,37%(30/82)采用了其他图案。因为传统文化、地理条件、民族关系以及其他社会文化因素的不同,各国的宣传图形都有各自的特点。结论通过对各国膳食指南宣传图形的异同解读,深入了解各国宣传图形的特点与细节,从而为完善我国膳食指南提供参考依据。

Objective To compare basic information and graphical representations of the dietary guidelines （DG） from diffenent countries. Methods Following the procedure ＂retrieval and inclusion of DG→summary of key items recommendation→analysis or comparison of information＂, information related to DG was collected from 224 countries （regions） around the world, DG with unclear structure and published by non-authoritative organizations and those countries with less than 100,000 residents were excluded, Finally, DG and related information of 90 countries （regions） in six continents were collected. Results In the study, 43 copies of the full text, 89 copies of the key items and 82 copies of visual graphics of dietary guidelines were included. Most countries illustrated their food guide using a pyramid model while others adopted circles as the main pictorial representation. Different countries presented their own features due to various reasons such as traditional culture, geographical condition, ethnic relation and other social-cultural conditions. Conclusion Through the interpretation of the similarities and differences between graphical representations of different countries, a thorough understanding of the characteristics of all graphical representations is gained, which will be useful in revising Chinese DG.