中国成年居民早餐状况及影响因素

STATUS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF BREAKFAST CONSUMPTION AMONG CHINESE ADULTS

目的分析2010~2012年中国城乡成年居民早餐状况及其影响因素,为进一步开展早餐相关营养健康教育及制定相应的干预措施提供科学依据。方法数据来自"2010~2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测",采用多阶段分层与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法,抽取中国31个省(直辖市、自治区)的150个县/区的成年居民。采用家庭连续3d 24h膳食回顾和食物频率调查问卷收集成年居民的基本信息及早餐相关信息。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析其影响因素。结果 2010~2012年中国成年居民每天吃早餐、在外吃早餐、营养充足/较足的比例分别是91.2%(95%CI:88.5%~93.9%)、10.0%(95%CI:7.8%~12.2%)、3.4%(95%CI:2.3~4.4);早餐食物中有奶豆类的比例最低,仅为15.0%(95%CI:12.5%~17.5%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、年龄大、普通农村的成年居民每天吃早餐的比例高(均P<0.05),男性、年龄小、大城市、文化程度高、单位负责人/专业技术/办事和有关人员、家庭收入水平高的成年居民在外吃早餐的比例高(均P<0.01),成年居民营养充足/较足比例与性别、年龄、地区、文化程度、职业、家庭收入、婚姻状况均无关(均P>0.05)。结论 2010~2012年中国大部分成年居民每天吃早餐,但早餐营养质量不高,应加强居民早餐营养搭配的宣传和教育。

Objective To analysis the status and the influencing factors of breakfast consumption among Chinses adults, help to develop intervention strategies. Methods Data were from Chinese Nutrition and Health Surveillance in 2010-2012. Multi-stage stratified proportion to the population cluster random sampling method was conducted to recruit adult residents from 150 sites in 31 provinces. The 24-hour dietary recall for 3 consecutive days and food frequency questionnaire survey were used to collect basic information and breakfast related information. The breakfast influencing factors were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression model. Results The prevalences of eating breakfast daily, eating breakfast outside, and breakfast with adequate nutrition quality in 2010-2012 among Chinese adults were 91.2% （95%CI： 88.5%-93.9%）, 10.0% （95%CI： 7.8%-12.2%）, 3.4% （95%CI： 2.3-4.4）, respectively. Only 15.0% （95%CI： 12.5%-17.5%） of the adults had dairy or soybean in the breakfast. The prevalence of eating breakfast daily was higher in female, older and general rural residents compared with their counterpart groups （P〈0.05）. The prevalence of eating breakfast outside was higher in male, younger, big urban, high education, unit leaders/professionals/handle affairs personnel and concerned personnel, and high family income groups （P〈0.01）. No significant relation was observed between breakfast with adequate nutrition quality and the factors of sex, age, district, education occupation, family income and marital status （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The nutrition quality of breakfast was poor among Chinses adults in 2010-2012. The nutrition education and propagation of breakfast consumption should be implemented to improve breakfast behaviors.