生物传感发展50年及展望

Biosensors: 50 Years Development and Future Perspectives

生物传感器是由生物元件与物理和化学换能器件构成的分析装置,属于典型的交叉学科和汇聚技术。生物传感器具有快速、准确、简便的特点,并借助微阵列平台技术(生物芯片)实现了高通量分析,在生命科学研究、疾病诊断和监控、生物过程控制、农业与食品安全、环境质量监控、生物安全与生物安保等领域有广阔的应用前景。经历50年后,生物传感进入一个新的蓬勃发展阶段,主要驱动因素是大健康、物联网、大数据等概念的提出与实施;研究热点包括穿戴式和便携式,即时检测(POCT)、无创分析、活体测定、在线检测、现场监测、超高时空分辨和单细胞生物学应用等。不同的应用场景存在不同的技术难题,其中生物元件的稳定性是共性问题,尚待攻克。中国学者在生物传感领域的研究论文影响力总体上已经进入国际第一方阵,下一步目标是学术上实现卓越和引领,并大幅提升全球市场开发能力,贡献大健康。

Biosensors are the devices made of biological elements and physical or chemical transducers for fast and specific determination of biological or related substances, of which is a typical convergence technology. Biosensors have broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and control, bioengineering process control, agriculture and food security, environmental quality monitoring, biosafety and biosecurity, etc. 50 years after its birth, biosensor technology has entered a new phase of vigorous development. The main driving forces are the introduction and implementation of the concepts of One-Health, Internet of Things, and big data. Research hot topics include wearable and portable biosensing for point-of-care testing（POCT） and home care, noninvasive analysis, in vivo analysis, online analysis, field test, ultra-high temporal-spatial resolution, and single-cell biology. Technical challenges vary in different application scenarios, among which the thermal stability of biosensor recognition elements is a major concern, which is to be overcome by finding new solution. Literature statistics indicates that the Chinese researchers as a whole have made dramatic advances during the past two decades and now ranks top in terms of both paper number in total and the number of high impact papers. However, these do not mean that China is taking the lead in the field. Achieving academic excellence and exploring the global market will be the next goals for the Chinese researchers and industrial sector.