重商民族幻象:人口史视角下清代西北回族经济的基本框架

The Mirage of Mercantile Ethnic Group: The Basic Framework of Hui's Economy in Northwest China in Qing Dynasty from the Perspective of Population History

从人口史的研究视角出发,通过分析清代西北回族农业与非农业人口结构,梳理"重商民族"这一普遍认识来源与实质,构建清代回族经济的基本框架。研究表明:清代西北回族有95%左右的人口从事农业生产,农业经济是清代西北回族经济的主体,也是绝大多数回族人口赖以生存的根本,商贸只是传统农耕经济之外极为有限的补充。回族"重商民族"的普遍认知只是一种幻象,其产生与回族先民经商传统有关,更与其现实的人口空间分布格局和生产、生活状态有关。

The study of demographic structure show that there are about 95% of the Hui people in the northwest engaged in agricultural production. Agricultural economy is the main part of the Hui minority economy and the basis for the survival of the vast majority of Hui people in Qing Dynasty. By contrast,business and trade are only a limited complement to the traditional farming economy. The general cognitive of ＂mercantilism Hui nationality＂is just an illusion. It is related to the Hui people＇s business tradition,and more closely related to the Hui people＇s spatial distribution and living conditions.