三个时期大庆油田区湿地格局及其变化

Patterns and Changes of Wetlands in Daqing Oilfield Area for Three Periods

以1995年、2005年和2014年Landsat TM/OLI影像为主要数据,采用动态变化模型,通过转移矩阵、质心变化和景观指数的计算,对大庆油田区湿地景观格局及其变化进行研究。结果表明,3个时期研究区的主要湿地类型都为沼泽湿地和湖泊湿地,沼泽湿地面积以0.82%的动态度由1995年的601.30 km2减少至2014年的507.10 km2,湖泊湿地面积以1.87%的动态度由1995年的154.36 km2增加至2014年的209.33 km2;湿地类型之间的转变主要表现为沼泽湿地与湖泊湿地、盐碱滩之间的转变;湿地质心的空间变化特征和景观指数的变化都反映出2005年后大庆油田区湿地景观的破碎化得到改善;政府出台的相关政策对研究区湿地保护和恢复颇具成效。

In this study, the landscape patterns of the wetlands in Daqing oilfield area and their changes were explored by remote sensing image derived from Landsat TM/OLI in 1995, 2005 and 2014. Dynamic-model,transfer matrix, centroid shift and landscape indices were used to determine the landscape patterns of wetland in Daqing oilfield area for 3 periods. The results showed that marshes, lakes and reservoirs were main landscape in Daqing oilfield area during the study period. The area of marsh wetlands decreased from 601.30 km^2 in 1995 to 507.10 km^2 in 2014 with dynamic degree of 0.82%, and that of the lakes and reservoirs increased from 154.36 km^2 in 1995 to 209.33 km^2 in 2014 with dynamic degree of 1.87%. Wetland types obviously transformed between marshes and lakes and reservoirs, marshes and salt marshes. The results of the spatial centroids and landscape indices of the wetlands in Daqing oilfield area were consistent, which showed that the degree of fragmentations decreased after the year of 2005. The government implemented a series of proactive policies to restore the wetlands, and the effect was remarkable.