从“意识的经验科学”到意识形态的历史唯物主义阐释——理解马克思哲学与黑格尔哲学关系的一个视角

From the Empirical Science of Consciousness to the Historical Materialism Interpretation of Ideology: A Perspective to Understand the Relationship Between the Philosophy of Marx and Hegel

"意识"问题是"思维与存在的关系"这一西方哲学基本问题中的核心问题,黑格尔在继承康德主观能动性的基础上,将其发展为"意识的经验科学",其实质是自我意识向绝对理性的逻辑演进,在思维方式上体现出独断性、封闭性和非历史性,政治态度上则体现为资本主义制度的永恒性和社会发展进程的保守性。从"意识"问题的角度理解马克思哲学与黑格尔哲学的关系,有助于消除作为意识形态的黑格尔哲学对马克思哲学产生的消极影响。马克思在以意识形态批判的方式扬弃了黑格尔哲学的同时,对意识形态产生的原因和功能进行了历史唯物主义的阐释,从而有助于抵制并克服传统形而上学思维方式对马克思哲学所具有的革命性的消解和侵蚀。

Consciousness problem is the core issue in the basic problem of Western philosophy. By inheriting Kant＇s subjective initiative, Hegel developed it to the empirical science of consciousness. Its essence is the logical evolution of the self-consciousness to the Absolute Reason, which is arbitrariness,closure and non-historicity, and the political attitude is embodied in the eternity of capitalist system.Understanding the relation between Marx＇s philosophy and Hegel＇s philosophy from the point of view of consciousness problem is conducive to eliminating the negative influence of Hegel＇s philosophy as an ideology on Marx＇s Philosophy. Marx abandoned Hegel＇s philosophy in the form of ideological criticism and at the same time, interpreted the cause and function of ideology in the way of historical materialism, thus to resist and overcome the digestion and erosion to Marx philosophy＇s revolutionary character from the traditional metaphysical thinking.