德国社会法体系及其养老保险法律制度评述

On German Social Law System and Its Pension System

德国是世界上最早建立以社会保险体系为核心的社会保障制度,也即社会法体系的国家。德国社会法体系的建立服务社会国家原则,承担着实现该原则中涵盖的社会公正和社会保障的使命。覆盖面广、内容庞杂、一直处于不断的变动中,是德国社会法从产生以来呈现出的特点。其中,养老保险制度作为社会保障体系中关切度最高也是最能体现一国社会保障制度运行效能的部分,在德国社会保障制度中更是历经变动最多的一部分。文章在对德国的社会国家原则、社会法体系和社会保险制度进行综述后,重点论述德国养老保险制度的演变过程,并对德国现行养老保险制度体系可持续发展性和公平性进行评析。

Since Germany is one of the first countries to establish its social security system with pension system at the core, it is also known as a country of social law system. The establishment of German social law system serves the principle of social state and undertakes the mission to achieve social justice and security.Since its emergence, German social law demonstrates the characteristics of extensive coverage, complex content and constant change. Being a part of the social security system, pension system not only attracts considerable attention, but also embodies the operational effectiveness of social security system and undergoes numerous amendments. This paper will first review the principle of social state, the social law system and pension system of Germany, and then it will focus on discussing the evolution of German pension system and analyzing the sustainability and equality of the current pension system in the country.