“两种生产”理论——一个澄清

Clarification for the Theory of “Two Ways of Production”

《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》(下文简称《起源》)是恩格斯最重要的著作之一,在马克思主义发展史中占有举足轻重的地位,写于1884年4月初至5月26日。自《起源》出版后,其中的"两种生产"理论便一直饱受争议。无论是反马克思主义阵营还是马克思主义阵营都对其是否是二元论提出了质疑。那么,在马克思主义发展史的视野中,在马克思恩格斯的语境中,"两种生产"理论究竟是否是二元论?"两种生产"理论是对唯物史观的背弃还是对唯物史观的丰富与发展?"两种生产"理论是原始社会的特殊规律还是社会发展的普遍规律?围绕这些问题,以马克思恩格斯的文本为基础,在马克思主义发展史的框架中,对"两种生产"理论做出时代解读。

The Origin of the Family,Private Property and the State( hereinafter referred to as the Origin) is one of the most important works of Engels,which played a great role in the history of Marxism. It was written from early April to May 26 th in 1884. After it was published,the Theory of"Two Ways of Production"in it was hotly debated then. Both camps of anti-Marxism and Marxism queried whether it was dualism or not. Then,do Marx and Engels view the Theory of"Two Ways of Production"a dualism in the history of Marxism? Does the Theory of"Two Ways of Production"betray historical materialismor develop and enrich it? Is the Theory of"Two Ways of Production"a particular law for primitive society or a universal law for social development? Focusing on these questions,this article means to clarify a series of misinterpretations of the Theory of"Two Ways of Production",basing on the works of Marx and Engels and setting in the context of the history of Marxism.