深松与压实对红壤坡耕地土壤物理性质的影响

Effects of Deep Loosening and Mechanical Compaction on Soil Physical Properties in Red Soil Slope Field

以红壤坡耕地为研究对象,研究了深松和机械压实对土壤物理性质的影响。结果表明:深松改善了除土壤最小持水量和毛管孔隙度外的土壤物理性质,并对表层土壤的改善效果较好,进而提高了红薯产量;机械压实则对除土壤紧实度和最小持水量外的土壤物理性质产生了负面影响,影响深度达30 cm左右,造成红薯产量降低。0~20 cm土层土壤容重、土壤孔隙度及土壤持水量之间呈显著或极显著相关;20~40 cm土层土壤容重、毛管孔隙度与土壤紧实度分别呈极显著和显著相关性,土壤持水量与土壤非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度呈显著或极显著正相关。可见,避免机械压实并对深松耕作管理模式进行优化,是缓解红壤坡耕地农业生产与生态破坏的突破口之一。

Taking red soil slope field as the object,this study investigated the effects of deep loosening and mechanical compaction on soil physical properties.Results showed that：（1） Deep loosening significantly improved soil physical properties,soil field water capacity and capillary porosity,especially at surface soil,and thus increased the yield of sweet potato.Mechanical compaction produced negative influence on soil physical properties except for soil compaction and field water capacity at 0-30 cm soil depth,resulting in the decrease of yield of sweet potato.（2） There was a significant or very significant correlation between soil bulk density,soil porosity and soil water capacity at 0-20 cm soil layer.At 20-40 cm soil layer,soil bulk density and capillary porosity were extremely significantly and significantly correlated with soil compaction,and soil water capacity was significantly or very significantly correlated with soil non-capillary porosity and total porosity.Therefore,the tillage management model of avoiding mechanical compaction and optimizing deep loosening is one of the sally ports to alleviate the agricultural production and ecological damage in Red Soil slope field.