黄柏种子的解剖构造研究

Study on anatomical structures of Phellodendri chinensis seeds

目的研究黄柏种子石蜡切片方法和种子的解剖构造,为其系统分类鉴定和种子的萌发提供参考。方法观测黄柏果实、种子外观形态;考察固定液、脱水时间、切片厚度对种子石蜡切片效果的影响;观测种子显微构造,结合徒手制片探究其后含物。结果果实椭圆形或近圆球形,百粒鲜重54.0g;子房通常5室,每室1个胚珠;种子长卵形,棕褐色或红褐色,种皮致密而脆,千粒重13.0g;以FAA固定液固定12h、每级脱水1h、切片厚度8~12μm的植物形态最好;胚体长棒状,由横向分布的方形薄壁细胞构成,胚乳白色或半透明,包裹于胚外方,子叶2枚,位于胚乳内侧,扁椭圆形,薄片状,白色,胚乳及子叶均含大量糊粉粒。结论该石蜡切片方法操作简捷、效果良好,可为类似种子的切片提供借鉴;黄柏种子种皮结构虽然有利于种子保存水分、抵抗干旱,但不利于种子萌发;种子结构和后含物可作为分类鉴定的依据。

Objective To study on the method of paraffin section and the anatomical strueture of Phellodendri chinensis seeds, whieh eould provide reference for its system elassifieation and seed germination. Methods To observe the appearanee of fruits and seeds ; The effeets of fixation liquid, dewatering time and sliee thiekness on the result of seeds paraffin seetions were studied; The seed mierostrueture was observed,and the ergastie substance was explored with freehand produetion. Results The fruits was oval or nearly spherical, and the weight of 100 - seed fresh was 54.0g, the seeds of ovary usually had 5 rooms, one ovule per loeule; Seeds were long ovate, ehocolate brown or redish brown, seed coat densely and crisp, the weight of 1000 -grain was 13.0g. The FAA fixation liquid fixing them for 12h, dewatering time for each level lh, slice thiekness of 8 - 12μm plant morphology was best; embryo proper was long rod -shaped, whieh was eomposed of lateral distribution of parenehyma ceils, endosperm white or translueent, wrapped in the embryo outside, cotyledons were two, located inside the endosperm, whieh were flat ellipse, lamelli- form, white, with a large number of aleurone grains. Conclusion The method of paraffin section was simple and effeetive, and its could provide reference for similar seed slices ; Although the strueture of seed eoat was benefieial to preserving moisture and resisting drought of seeds, but it was not conducive to seed germination. The seed strueture and ergastie substance eould be used as a basis for classification and identification.