2014～2016年德州市德城区狂犬病暴露人群资料分析

Analysis on data of rabies exposure population in Decheng district,Dezhou city,2014-2016

目的了解德州市德城区狂犬病暴露人群的流行病学特征及暴露后预防处置现状,为德城区狂犬病防控工作提供依据。方法收集德城区15个狂犬病暴露处置接种门诊监测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果2014~2016年德城区暴露处置门诊共接种狂犬病暴露者13 458例,年均暴露率710.85/10万(13 458/1 893 231)。男性暴露率为741.90/10万(7 214/972 363),女性暴露率为678.06/10万(6 244/920 868),男女性别比为1.16∶1。0~14岁占30.49%,15~29岁占20.12%,30~44岁占20.55%,45~59岁占19.09%,≥60岁占9.75%。咬伤动物以犬为主,占73.69%,其次为猫,占21.10%。接种过动物用狂犬病疫苗的犬占11.34%,暴露者的接种门诊伤口处置率为68.99%。暴露后全程规范完成疫苗接种率达到了85.71%,Ⅲ级暴露者的被动免疫制剂使用率达到34.63%(3 456/9 981)。结论德州市德城区狂犬病暴露人群以14岁以下儿童及青壮年暴露为主,男性高于女性,夏、春两季高峰。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the rabies exposure population and the status quo of post-exposure prevention and disposal in Decheng district,Dezhou city,so as to provide the basis for rabies preven tion and control. Methods Monitoring data were collected in 15 rabies vaccination clinics in Decheng district,Dezhou city,the descriptive epidemiological method was used for analysis. Results From 2014 to 2016,a total of 13 458 rabies exposed people were vaccinated at exposure disposal clinics in Decheng district,Dezhou city, the average annual exposure rate was 710.85/105 （13 458/1 893 231） ,the exposure rate was 741.90/10s （7 214/972 363）in males,that of females was 678.06/105 （6 244/920 868） ,the male to female ratio was 1.16 ： 1 ;0-14 years old accounted for 30.49% ,15-29 years old, 20.12%,30-44 years old,20.55%,45 59 years old,19.09% ,above 60 years old,9.75% ;Mainly bitten by dogs,accounting for 73.69% ,followed by cats, accounting for 21.10%, dogs vaccinated with rabies vaccine accounted for 11.34%, the wound disposal rate of exposed people at the exposure vaccination clinics was 68.99 %. The total post-exposure normal completion vaccine coverage reached 85.71%, the passive immunity preparation utilization rate reached 34.63% among grade Ⅲ exposed people（3 456/9 981）. Conclusion The rabies exposed population are mainly among children under the age of 14 and young adults,higher in males than that of females,with peaks in summer and spring.