中国加入国际移民组织:选择、机遇与挑战

China's Accession to the International Organization for Migration: Option, Opportunity and Challenge

2016年6月30日,中国正式成为国际移民组织的成员国,完成了由观察员国向正式成员国的转变。中国加入国际移民组织不仅有助于完善国际移民管理制度,促进本国出入境管理体制改革,加强与国际社会的合作,共同防控非法移民、解决难民问题和打击国际犯罪,而且有利于中国实施"一带一路"战略。当前中国面临的挑战是,户籍管理制度下国内移民自由迁徙的限制与国际移民组织的宗旨不符,以及中国成为成员国后对需要承担的难民救助义务更多,高素质人才流失较为严重。中国需要有条件地逐步放开自由迁徙的限制。在难民问题上,中国应当做好应对准备,积极履行义务;对高素质人才的留用应当建立优良的劳动环境。

On Jane 30th,2016,China officially joined the International Organization for Migration(IOM),and completed the shift from an observer to a full member.China’s accession to IOM has helped improve the administration of international migration system,promote the reformation of entry and exit administration,and enhance China’s cooperation with the international community to control illegal immigrants,solve refugee problems and fight against international crime,which will help implement the strategy of‘the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road’.China is facing the challenge that the household registration management does not agree with the purpose of IOM,also China has to take more duty to help refugees after it becomes the official member.Another problem is the loss of high technical talents.To solve these problems,China should free the restriction of domestic migration conditionally and prepare to deal with refugee flood in order to fulfill obligations.And to keep high-quality talents,China should create excellent working environment.