南宁地区儿童免疫规划疫苗接种现况调查

Children Expanded Program on Immunization Vaccine in Nanning

目的调查南宁地区流动儿童以及本地儿童的免疫规划疫苗接种状况。方法随机抽取2013-2015年在某医院预防保健科健康体检的1~7周岁儿童1 300名,将其分成流动儿童组和本地儿童组,通过广西免疫信息管理系统查询其各类疫苗的接种情况,观察比较2组儿童的接种合格率、及时率并对相关影响因素进行分析。结果 1 300名儿童中本地儿童695名,流动儿童605名,其中本地儿童的卡介苗接种合格率为100%,脊灰疫苗为99.1%,百白破疫苗为98.4%,麻疹疫苗为97.4%,乙肝疫苗为97.1%,流脑疫苗为98.7%,乙脑疫苗97.6%,甲肝疫苗为97.3%,均高于流动儿童,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。本地儿童的卡介苗的接种及时率为95.5%,麻疹疫苗为95.3%,脊灰疫苗为96.4%,乙肝疫苗首针为96.8%,高于流动儿童的89.6%,90.4%、91.1%和90.7%,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。父母文化程度在本科及其以上以及居住地与接种点距离小于1 km的儿童,相较于父母为文盲以及居住地与接种点距离在5 km以上的儿童,其接种合格率显著增高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论本地儿童的接种合格率以及及时率均显著高于流动儿童,且父母文化程度较高以及居住地距离接种点较近的儿童接种合格率较高。

Objective To investigate the children expanded program on immunization （EPI） vaccine in Nanning. Methods A total of 1300 children aged 1 -7 were enrolled randomly in Department of Preventive and Health Care from 2013 to 2015, who were divided into migrant groups and local groups to investigate the EPI vaccine state and related factors based on the Guangxi immune management system. Results There were 695 local children and 605 migrant children. And for local children, there were 100% pass rate of BCG vaccination , 99.1% of oral poliomyelitis vaccine, 98.4% of the DPT vaccine , 97.4% of measles vaccine, 97.1% of hepatitis B vaccine , 98.7% of meningitis vaccine , 97.6% of Japanese encephalitis vaccine and 97.3% of hepatitis A vaccine, which was significantly higher than that for migrant children （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Parents education at the undergraduate and above and living distance of children less than 1 km from the vaccination, compared with the illiterate and the living distance of children more than 5 km from vaccination, the passing rate of vaccination was significantly higher （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Conclusion Qualified vaccination rate and timely rate of local children were significantly higher than migrant children, and there were higher passing rate of vaccination of children on higher parents＇ education level and closer distance vaccination.