原油及石油炼制品指纹特征差异性研究

Differences of fingerprint characteristic between fuel oil and product oils

采用气相色谱质谱联用方法(GC/MS),对原油及石油炼制品(包括柴油、机油、燃料油)进行了指纹图谱分析.通过对4种油品中烷烃类、生物标志物和多环芳烃类化合物的原始图谱及半定量浓度和诊断比值比对分析.结果显示,4种油品相互之间烷烃类化合物图谱具有明显差异,机油存在明显UCM(不可分辨的混合物)"鼓包",在n C17/Pr、n C18/Ph、n C17/n C18、Pr/Ph和(n C19+n C20)/(n C19+n C20+n C21+n C22)特征比值上存在显著性差异.4种油品在甾烷类、三芳甾烷类、萜烷类和藿烷类化合物的分布和含量上差异性明显;在多环芳烃化合物的含量和分布上,差异不明显.所选取的29个生物标志物特征比值,其中13.79%的特征比值可体现原油、柴油、机油、燃料油的差异性,可作为原油与石油炼制品之间油种鉴定的重点筛查指标.

Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, the characteristic ions were extracted and analyzed for four product oils including crude oil, diesel oil, machine oil, fuel oil. The original fingerprint, relative concentration ratio distribution, characteristic ratio and other indicators about alkane and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were analyzed. As shown by the results of GC - MS study, the original fingerprint of fuel oil and 3 product oils has obvious differences, and the machine oil displyed UCM （ unresolved complex mixture） bulge. Remarkable differences in characteristic ratios of nC17 / Pr, nC18 / Ph, nC17 / nC18, Pr/ Ph and （ nC19 ＋nC20） / （ nC19 ＋nC20 ＋nC21 ＋nC22） were found between the fuel oil and 3 products. The distribution and content of fuel oil and 3 product oils has obvious differences in Sterane, triaromatic sterane, terpane and hopane compounds, but there was no obvious difference in the distribution and contents of PAH′s in the fuel oil and 3 product oils. The characteristic ratios of 29 biomarker in the oil were selected for comparison, and the differences between fuel oil and 3 product oils were shown by 13. 79％ of the ratio values. Therefore, these characteristic targets could be applied to the identification of fuel oil and product oils.