近56a柳州高温天气的气候特征及类型分析

The climate characteristics and type analysis of high temperature weather in Liuzhou in recent 56 years

基于1961-2016年的逐日极端最高气温资料和2010-2016年的Micaps实况观测资料,采用线性倾向估计和小波分析等方法,对柳州近56a的高温天气气候特征进行统计分析,并对2010-2016年的所有高温天气样本进行天气形势分型统计,得出如下结论:(1)柳州每年均有高温天气出现,高温天气最早开始于4月上旬末,最晚结束于10月中旬,平均年高温日数为40.4d,近56a柳州的年高温日数总体呈线性增加趋势,每10年约增加3d左右;(2)柳州高温天气的月际分布呈单峰型,4月份开始有高温天气出现,7月和8月是一年中高温天气最多的两个月份,11月至翌年3月柳州没有出现过高温天气;(3)近56a柳州的年高温日数以25年为周期的低频振荡最为显著,并在1970年代以后存在一个10~12a为周期的次低频振荡,而在2000年代以前存在一个4~5a短周期的高频振荡;(4)柳州的高温天气形势主要有副高环流型、台风外围型、副高环流+台风外围型、500百帕反气旋型、500百帕槽后脊前型、地面暖低压型等7种类型。

Based on daily extreme high temperature data between 1961-2016 and the Micaps oberservation data from 2010 to 2016, this study made a statistical analysis of the climate characteristics of the high tem- perature weather in Liuzhou in recent 56 years by using linear tendency estimation and wavelet analysis and classified the synoptic patterns of all the hot weather samples for 2010-2016. The？conclusions are as？fol- lows： （1） Hot weather occurred every year in Liuzhou, high temperature weather first started in early April, and ended in Mid-October. The number of annual average high temperature day was 40.4. This result showed a linear increasing trend in the last 56 years in Liuzhou, which increased by about 3 days per decade. （2） The monthly distribution of high temperature in Liuzhou showed a single peak type. Hot weather began in April and July and August were the two months of the highest temperature in a year. From Novem- ber to March in the next year, Liuzhou did not appear any hot weather day. （3） In the past 56 years, the an- nual high temperature days in Liuzhou were the most significant in the low-frequency oscillation in the 25-year period. There was also a 10 to 12-year cycle of low frequency oscillation after 1970s, nevertheless, before 2000, there was an existence of a short high-frequency oscillation by 4 - 5 years. （4） The main hot weather situation in Liuzhou are subtropical high circulation type, typhoon periphery type, and subtropical high circulation ＋ typhoon periphery type, 500 hPa anticyclone type, 500 hPa trough back ridge type, and ground warm low-pressure type.