公司属人法的确定:真实本座主义的未来

The Real Seat Theory in the Personal Law of the Corporation

真实本座主义与内部事务主义是公司属人法确定的两大基本理论。真实本座主义旨在保护公司真实本座所在地国的相关利益和维护交易安全,但也限制了公司的自由设立和流动。随着经济全球化、一体化的发展与公司自治思想理念的深入,公司属人法确定的标准将逐渐演变为以内部事务主义为主、真实本座主义为辅的混合适用模式。我国涉外民事关系法律适用法的规范立场游移不定,司法实践很有可能走向真实本座主义。改进之路在于明确中国法律的规范立场,赋予"法人主营业地"法律含义或者证明的方法,将"主营业地法律"的适用严格限定在保护第三人利益或者社会公共利益的条件下。

The real seat theory and internal affairs theory are the two basic theories on the personal law of the corporation. The real seat theory is aimed at protecting the relevant interests of the corpora- tion＇ s real seat and ensuring the security of the transaction, but it also restricis the free establishment and movement of the corporation. With economic globalization, the integration of development and the deepening of the concept of corporate autonomy, the personal law of the corporation has gradually e- volved into a mixed mode of application based on the internal affairs theory and supplemented by the real seat theory. While realizing corporate autonomy, this mode also plays a role in protecting inter- ests and ensuring transaction security. With the uncertainty of the normative position of the Law of the People＇ s Republic of China on Choice of Law for Foreign-related Civil Relationships, it is very likely for judicial practice in China to turn completely towards the real seat theory. The road to improvement lies in clarifying the normative position of Chinese law, giving legal meaning to or providing a method of proving the ＂legal person＇ s main place of business＂, and limiting the ground for ＂the application of the law of the corporation＇ s main place of business＂ strictly to the protection of the interests of third parties or public interests.