甘肃大豆地方品种农艺性状的分布模式

Distribution Patterns on Agronomic Traits of Gansu Soybean and Screening of High-yield Varieties

在田间播种、调查和考种的基础上,对甘肃省160余个大豆农家品种进行研究,获得其株高、分枝数、主茎节数、单株荚数、花序荚数、单株粒数等农艺性状值,分析了地理上由北向南、由西向东各地区大豆地方品种农艺性状的分布模式及与所在地纬度之间的关系。结果表明,甘肃大豆品种的农艺性状由北向南、由西向东呈3种分布模式:(1)增减,是西东向大豆单株荚数等性状的主要分布模式;由北向南仅花序荚数呈递减分布。(2)弧形,开口向上的弧形是由北南向大豆主茎节数等性状的主要分布模式。(3)不规则,由北向南单株产量和百粒重呈不规则分布。由北向南、由西向东甘肃大豆农家品种主要农艺性状的分布与其所在地区纬度成正相关。可见,甘肃大豆农家品种依农艺性状的分布较为复杂,这可能与甘肃省地理条件复杂多样有关,但主要决定因素是所在地区的纬度。本研究揭示了地理条件复杂地区的大豆农艺性状分布规律和模式,对指导甘肃大豆引种、栽培和育种具有重要意义。

Based on the field sowing, investigation and seed test, soybean varieties more than 160 in Gansu province were studied. Soybean cultivated in Gansu province, were utilized to analyze distribution patterns of soybean landraces＇ agronomic traits, mainly focusing on plant height（ PH）, branch number（ BN）, node number on main stem（ NNMS）, total pod number per plant（ TPN）, inflorescence pod number（ IPN ）, grain number（ GN）, grain yield per plant（GY） and weight per lO0 grains （WG）, which were acquired from field cultivation, investigation and indoors tests. It was indicated that, from north to south, and west to east, agronomic traits of Gansu soybean landraces exhibited three regular distribution patterns. （ 1 ） Increasing and decreasing patterns ： Increase was the main distribution patterns of the TPN and other index from west to east. From north to south, only IPN are decreasingly distributed. （2） Arcing patterns： Up-opened arcs were the main distribution pattern for NNMS and other index from north to south. （3） Irregular pattern： From north to south, GY and WG were irregularly distribu- ted. The above distributional patterns of agronomic traits must be the coordinative evolutionary results of long term adaptation to local geographical, climatic, and other specific environmental integrated in artificial selection in soybean introduction. Distribution laws and patterns of soybean agronomic traits were first illuminated, which may serve as guidance for soybean introduction, production and breeding.