数据与技术驱动下的人类活动对生态系统的影响及评价研究——“人类活动的数量化表征与生态效应”专刊序言

Impacts and the Assessment of Human Activities on Ecosystem Driven by Data and Technology Development: Preface of the Special Feature on “Quantitative Characterization and the Ecological Effects of Human Activities”

本期《科研信息化技术与应用》的"人类活动的数量化表征与生态效应"专刊刊登了11篇文章,涉及了不同的主题,其中综述性论文2篇,研究性论文9篇。综述文章分别对城市研究中多源地理大数据的应用和大数据在生态环境监测评价中的应用进行了总结和热点论述。研究性论文方向之一是针对人类活动的数量化表达开展分析,主要是利用灯光数据刻画建设用地的扩展、卫星数据提取干扰特征、无人机刻画公路建设与灾害监测方面的应用和通过构建人类活动强度指数分析对自然遗产地的影响。其二是生态评价和管理信息化方面的研究,主要包括自然保护区与湿地公园的信息化数据库的构建,可以体现人类活动与景观服务的数据化框架;河岸带缓冲区的地理信息图谱方法,可以较好地反应生态空间格局与土壤侵蚀之间的关系,基于MODIS影像和模型分析的方法能够揭示生物多样性的空间分布,用于生态保护红线的划定;城市遥感地表能量的反演与定量分级,也能很好地揭示城市开敞空间的特征与影响,为城市规划提供科学依据。

There are 11 articles in the special issue of ＂Quantitative characterization and the ecological effects of human activities＂ involving different topics, of which two are review articles and nine are research articles. The review articles summarize and discuss the application of multi-source geographic big data in urban research and the application of big data in ecological environment monitoring and evaluation. One research direction is the quantitative characterization of human activities. In this research field, night light data were used to depict the expansion of construction land, satellite data were used to extract human disturbance characteristics, and UAV method was used to characterize highway construction and monitor disaster, also, human activity intensity index was constructed to analyze the influence of human activities on natural heritage. The second research field is ecological evaluation and management. In this field, the information databases of nature reserve and wetland park were constructed to reflect human activities and landscape services. Geographic information mapping method in riparian buffer can reflect the relationship between ecological spatial pattern and soil erosion. Based on MODIS image and model analysis, the spatial distribution of biodiversity can be revealed forthe delineation of ecological red line.The inversion and quantitative classification of urban remote sensing surface energy can reveal the characteristics and influence of urban open space, and provide scientific basis for urban planning.