贸易壁垒会加剧中国出口企业生存风险吗--以中国企业遭遇反倾销为例

Is Trade Barrier Aggravate the Survival Risk of Chinese Export Enterprises: Taking Antidumping as an Example

生存是出口企业在国际市场得以发展的前提条件,而贸易壁垒是影响出口企业生存的重要外部因素。为此,本文基于PSM-Cox比例风险模型,采用全球反倾销数据库与中国工业企业数据库以及中国海关数据库的匹配数据,实证考察贸易壁垒对中国出口企业生存的影响及作用机制。结果表明:贸易壁垒对中国制造业出口企业存在显著的消极影响,即贸易壁垒会加剧中国制造业出口企业退出市场的风险;贸易壁垒对出口企业生存的影响因企业所有制和贸易方式的不同而不同;贸易壁垒会加剧民营企业的生存风险,但国有企业对贸易壁垒的反应并不敏感;贸易壁垒会加剧一般贸易企业的生存风险,但对加工贸易企业的影响并不显著;机制检验表明生产率效应和竞争效应是贸易壁垒影响出口企业生存的重要渠道。

Survival is the prerequisite for the development of export enterpris- es in the international market, and trade barriers are the important extemal factors that affect the survival of export enterprises. Therefore, based on the PSM- Cox proportional hazard model, this paper empirically tests the influences of trade barrier on enterprises＇ market survival by merging Global Antidumping Database, Chinese Industrial Firms Annual Survey Database and Chinese Manufacture Statistical Database from 2000 to 2007. The results show that trade barriers will increase the risk of Chinese enterprises to withdraw from the market. Howev- er, the influence of trade barriers on export firms＇ survival is significantly different among firms with different ownership and different ways of trade： trade barriers only aggravate the survival risk of private enterprises and ordinary trade enter- prises, while the risk of state-owned enterprises and processing trade enterprises is not sensitive. Mechanism test shows that productivity effect and competition effect are important channels for trade barriers to influence export enterprises＇ survival.