制度通路理论及其在基层治理中的应用

Institutional Path Theory and Its Application in Grassroots Governance

以统一的理论视角来考察不同领域基层治理机制的运行,可以看出,不论是行政体系内部增强行政回应性的尝试,还是村社具有自主管理性质的实验,都是对社会广义资源配置通路的调整或重建。从这样一个视角出发,可以看到差异性制度实践背后所遵循的同一性规律。分析影响新设制度运行的因素时要考虑以下几个问题:新设制度通道与既有显性(如科层体制)与隐性(如社区文化行为)通道之间是否实现了实质对接与互相借用?新设制度是否有利于实现存在于各参与方之间的闭合的社会广义资源的循环与平衡?新设制度通路中资源的多元性是否增强,即物质性资源、权威性资源与浓缩信息型资源是否在通路中实现了较均衡的配置?等等。利用制度通路理论工具,能够对新设制度的持久性、稳定性及可复制性等问题进行较为深入的比较研究,从而对我国正在广泛开展的基层制度实践提供有效的理论指导。

This study attempts to explore the operation of the grassroots governance mechanism in different fields with a unified theoreti- ca] perspective. Whether it is the attempt to enhance administrative responsiveness within the administrative system or the experiment of village management with independent management, it is considered as an adjustment or reconstruction of the social broad resource allo- cation channel. From this angle of view, we can see the same law followed by different institutional practice. Influence factors include new system, new system channel and both dominant （ such as bureaucracy } and implicit （ such as community cultural behavior ） be- tween whether the essence of docking and channel borrowing; the new system realizes the social resource circulation and balance the generalized closed between the parties; diversity to new a system of pathway resources, material resources, information resources and authoritative resources are relatively concentrated type equilibrium configuration in the passage. The use of institutional access theory tools is sufficient to make an insightful comparative study of the persistence, stability and replaceability of the new system so as to pro- vide effective theoretical guidance for the extensive grassroots system practice in China.