近40年来托木尔峰南坡三条监测冰川对气候变暖的响应

Response of three observed glaciers in south slope of Tomur Peak area to global warming in recent 40 years

托木尔峰地区是中国现代冰川最大的作用中心之一。近四十年来,冰川消融加剧,退缩趋势明显,冰川融水径流增加。对托木尔峰南坡三条不同规模冰川的研究表明,面积减小厚度减薄是该区域冰川变化的主要趋势。受表碛覆盖影响,厚度减薄趋势显著,但末端退缩幅度差异很大。基于遥感监测资料以及实地考察数据,三条冰川自1964年以来面积分别减小了21.4%,15.8%和0.3%,末端平均退缩速率分别为41m·a^(-1)、30m·a^(-1)、1.5m·a^(-1)。大冰川大幅退缩对该区域水资源的短期和长期影响作用不容忽视。地形及表碛是影响冰川差异化消融的重要因子,温度升高是造成冰川退缩的重要驱动因素。

Toumur-peak is one of the most developed modern Glacier areas in China. During past 40 years,glaciers in this area were in strong melting and retreating for climatic warming. Glacier meltwater plays an extremely important role both on water resource and stabilization of river runoff in the Tarim basin. Based on investigation on three different-sized glaciers in south slope of Toumur peak,this study has shown that glaciers in this area were in recession according to thickness thinning and area reducing. However,due to the influence of debris cover,the extent of area reduction and terminus recession varied widely for Toumur glacier and glacier No.72,No. 74. Remote sensing technology was further used matching with field observation to determine the glacier change in quantity. Results shows that the three glaciers were lost 21. 4%,15. 8% and 0. 3% of their areas in1964,respectively. Meanwhile,the terminus retreats were at a rate of 41m·a^（-1）,30m·a^（-1）and 1. 5m·a^（-1）,respectively. The recession of larger glaciers have strong impace on water resource,thus those glaciers should attach important to its future variation. Topography and debris cover are main factors in differentiation ablation,and climatic warming may be the main factor forcing glacier in strong retreating.