某三级医院2015年医院感染横断面的调查与分析

Cross-sectional Study of Nosocomial Infection in A Tertiary Hospital of 2015

目的通过横断面调查掌握我院医院感染现患率、重点科室、重点部位及抗菌药物使用等,为制定医院感染防控措施提供科学的依据。方法采取床旁调查和病例调查的方式,调查2015年5月21日(0:00~24:00)所有住院患者的医院感染情况,数据采用SPSS17.0统计软件进行分析。结果共调查住院患者1283例,医院感染现患率为2.88%;医院感染现患率最高的科室为ICU(25.00%),其次为神经外科(10.42%)和放疗科(10.00%);医院感染部位以下呼吸道感染为首,其次为泌尿道感染和其他部位感染;共检出病原体35株,主要是鲍曼不动杆菌8株(25.80%)、铜绿假单胞菌5株(16.12%)、其他凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌4株(12.90%)、大肠埃希菌3株(9.68%)和克雷伯菌属3株(9.68%);抗菌药物使用率为33.05%。结论本次调查简单快速地反映了医院感染的现状,根据调查结果,下一步应加强重点科室、重点部位和重点环节的监控。

Objective To understand the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections, key departments, important sections and the use of antibacterial through cross-sectional study, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of infection. Methods By combination of the clinical investigation and case study, all patients who were hospitalized between 0：00 and 24：00 of May 21, 2015 were investigated. The clinical data were analyzed through SPSS17.0. Results A total of 1283 patients were surveyed, prevalence rate was 2.88%. The highest prevalence rates emerged in ICU（25.00%）, then nerosurgery departmentd（10.42%） and radiotherapy department（10.00%）. Totally 35 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in all, with 8 Acinetobacter（25.80%）, 5 Pseudomonas aeruginosa（16.12%）, 4 coagulase negative staphylococcus aureus（12.90%）, 3 Escherichia coli Enerobacter（9.68%） and 3 Klebsiella species（9.68%）. The rate of antibacterial drug use was 33.05%. Conclusion The investigation can help us understanding the nosocomial infection situation, according to the survey, the next step we will focus on monitoring management of departments and key sites.